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Android开发中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

程序员文章站 2022-09-28 12:12:45
Android开发中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息。在Android中定位是属于危险权限,需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。 如果在Android6....

Android开发中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息。在Android中定位是属于危险权限,需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。


如果在Android6.0级以上系统,需要动态的申请权限,也可以使用封装好权限管理库。


定位的几种方式

在Android系统当中,给我们提供了四种定位方式,分别是:

  • network

    它是依靠信号塔或WiFi来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,是一种低精度,低耗电的初略定位方式。

  • gps

    它是依靠GPS来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,是高精度,高耗电的精准定位方式。

  • passive

    被动的获取定位信息,通过接受其他APP或service的定位信息。不过需要这个权限ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。

    
    
    
    
    fused
  • Google已经将这个定位方式hide了。


    获取定位的api封装

    public class LocationUtils {
    
        private static final long REFRESH_TIME = 5000L;
        private static final float METER_POSITION = 0.0f;
        private static ILocationListener mLocationListener;
        private static LocationListener listener = new MyLocationListener();
    
        private static class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {
            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {//定位改变监听
                if (mLocationListener != null) {
                    mLocationListener.onSuccessLocation(location);
                }
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {//定位状态监听
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {//定位状态可用监听
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {//定位状态不可用监听
    
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * GPS获取定位方式
         */
        public static Location getGPSLocation(@NonNull Context context) {
            Location location = null;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            //高版本的权限检查
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return null;
            }
            if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持GPS定位
                //获取最后的GPS定位信息,如果是第一次打开,一般会拿不到定位信息,一般可以请求监听,在有效的时间范围可以获取定位信息
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /**
         * network获取定位方式
         */
        public static Location getNetWorkLocation(Context context) {
            Location location = null;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            //高版本的权限检查
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return null;
            }
            if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持Network定位
                //获取最后的network定位信息
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取最好的定位方式
         */
        public static Location getBestLocation(Context context, Criteria criteria) {
            Location location;
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            if (criteria == null) {
                criteria = new Criteria();
            }
            String provider = manager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(provider)) {
                //如果找不到最适合的定位,使用network定位
                location = getNetWorkLocation(context);
            } else {
                //高版本的权限检查
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return null;
                }
                //获取最适合的定位方式的最后的定位权限
                location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
            }
            return location;
        }
    
        /**
         * 定位监听
         */
        public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, ILocationListener locationListener) {
    
            addLocationListener(context, provider, REFRESH_TIME, METER_POSITION, locationListener);
        }
    
        /**
         * 定位监听
         */
        public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, long time, float meter, ILocationListener locationListener) {
            if (locationListener != null) {
                mLocationListener = locationListener;
            }
            if (listener == null) {
                listener = new MyLocationListener();
            }
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            manager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, time, meter, listener);
        }
    
        /**
         * 取消定位监听
         */
        public static void unRegisterListener(Context context) {
            if (listener != null) {
                LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return;
                }
                //移除定位监听
                manager.removeUpdates(listener);
            }
        }
    
        private static LocationManager getLocationManager(@NonNull Context context) {
            return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        }
    
        /**
         * 自定义接口
         */
        public interface ILocationListener {
            void onSuccessLocation(Location location);
        }
    }
    

    获取定位使用实例

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        private boolean flag;
        private Button gsp_btn;
        private Button network_btn;
        private Button best_btn;
        private static Context context;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            context = getApplicationContext();
    
            initView();
            initListener();
        }
    
        private void initListener() {
            gsp_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
            network_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
            best_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onResume() {
            super.onResume();
            initPermission();//针对6.0以上版本做权限适配
        }
    
        private void initView() {
            gsp_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.gps);
            network_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.net);
            best_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.best);
        }
    
        private void initPermission() {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                //检查权限
                if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //请求权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
                } else {
                    flag = true;
                }
            } else {
                flag = true;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 权限的结果回调函数
         */
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
            if (requestCode == 1) {
                flag = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
                case R.id.gps:
                    if (flag) {
                        getGPSLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.net:
                    if (flag) {
                        getNetworkLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.best:
                    if (flag) {
                        getBestLocation();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 通过GPS获取定位信息
         */
        public void getGPSLocation() {
            Location gps = LocationUtils.getGPSLocation(this);
            if (gps == null) {
                //设置定位监听,因为GPS定位,第一次进来可能获取不到,通过设置监听,可以在有效的时间范围内获取定位信息
                LocationUtils.addLocationListener(context, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, new LocationUtils.ILocationListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccessLocation(Location location) {
                        if (location != null) {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps onSuccessLocation location:  lat==" + location.getLatitude() + "     lng==" + location.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } else {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "gps location: lat==" + gps.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + gps.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 通过网络等获取定位信息
         */
        private void getNetworkLocation() {
            Location net = LocationUtils.getNetWorkLocation(this);
            if (net == null) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "net location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "network location: lat==" + net.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + net.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 采用最好的方式获取定位信息
         */
        private void getBestLocation() {
            Criteria c = new Criteria();//Criteria类是设置定位的标准信息(系统会根据你的要求,匹配最适合你的定位供应商),一个定位的辅助信息的类
            c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//设置低耗电
            c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//设置需要海拔
            c.setBearingAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//设置COARSE精度标准
            c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_LOW);//设置低精度
            //... Criteria 还有其他属性,就不一一介绍了
            Location best = LocationUtils.getBestLocation(this, c);
            if (best == null) {
                Toast.makeText(this, " best location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "best location: lat==" + best.getLatitude() + " lng==" + best.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
    }
    

    关于GPS定位的信息还有比较多的内容,在API24中GpsStauts类过时,使用GnssStatus类替换,同时在LocationManager中的一些GPS状态的监听,也被新的API退换。