详解基于CentOS 7配置Nginx自启动

nginx是广为流行的轻量级web服务器软件。它开源，短小精悍，简单易用，深受广大互联网企业以及it运维人员所喜爱。很多时候，我们在生产环境基于编译方式安装nginx后，nginx需要手工配置自启动服务，以确保服务器异常宕机后自动重启该服务。以下描述的是基于centos 7下来配置自启动服务，供大家参考。

一、yum 安装方式nginx自启动

当前环境

[root@node142 ~]# more /etc/redhat-release 
centos linux release 7.2.1511 (core) 

查看是否保护nginx rpm包

[root@node142 ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64

查看是否存在相应的服务，如下，有nginx.service

[root@node142 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
nginx.service               disabled

将其配置为自动

[root@node142 ~]# systemctl enable nginx.service

查看nginx.service文件

[root@node142 ~]# more /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[unit]
description=the nginx http and reverse proxy server
after=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[service]
type=forking
pidfile=/run/nginx.pid
# nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# selinux context. this might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
execstartpre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
execstartpre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
execstart=/usr/sbin/nginx
execreload=/bin/kill -s hup $mainpid
killsignal=sigquit
timeoutstopsec=5
killmode=process
privatetmp=true

[install]
wantedby=multi-user.target

上述配置文件中的内容和官网提供的一模一样

二、编译安装后的自启动配置

由于是编译安装，因此，对于这个自启动的脚本我们需要自行配制。

具体则是参考上面的链接或者上面给出的nginx.service文件内容。

然后将其保存为 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service。

看下面的例子

# more /etc/redhat-release 
centos linux release 7.4.1708 (core) 

# ps -ef|grep nginx
root  10092 10014 0 16:23 pts/0  00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root  20791  1 0 mar20 ?    00:00:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx -c /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf
nobody 20792 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody 20793 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:42 nginx: worker process
nobody 20794 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:50 nginx: worker process
nobody 20795 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody 20796 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody 20797 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody 20798 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:37 nginx: worker process
nobody 20799 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:48 nginx: worker process
nobody 20800 20791 0 mar20 ?    00:00:04 nginx: cache manager process
# 

无相应的rpm包，如下查询，此处为编译安装

# rpm -qa|grep nginx

也没有添加相应的自启动服务

# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx

nginx版本

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1

获取nginx编译模块，然后查看诸如pid，二进制位置并记录以便修改启动文件

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (red hat 4.8.5-16) (gcc) 
built with openssl 1.0.2k-fips 26 jan 2017
tls sni support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/u01/app/nginx --sbin-path=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
--conf-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/error.log 
--http-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/access.log --pid-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid 
--lock-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/client_temp 
--http-proxy-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/proxy_temp 
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/fastcgi_temp 
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/scgi_temp
--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module 
--with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module
--with-file-aio --with-http_spdy_module --with-ipv6

下面我们生成一个新的nginx.service文件

# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[unit]
description=the nginx http and reverse proxy server
after=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[service]
type=forking
pidfile=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid
execstartpre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
execstart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
execreload=/bin/kill -s hup $mainpid
execstop=/bin/kill -s quit $mainpid
privatetmp=true

[install]
wantedby=multi-user.target

下面我们先手工停止nginx

# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

配置自启动

# systemctl enable nginx.service

使用systemctl工具启动nginx服务

# systemctl start nginx.service

# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - the nginx http and reverse proxy server
 loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 active: active (running) since thu 2018-03-29 16:37:47 cst; 6s ago
 process: 10588 execstart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/success)
 process: 10586 execstartpre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/success)
main pid: 10590 (nginx)
 cgroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
     ├─10590 nginx: master process /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
     ├─10591 nginx: worker process # author : leshami
     ├─10592 nginx: worker process # blog : https://blog.csdn.net/leshami
     ├─10593 nginx: worker process
     ├─10594 nginx: worker process
     ├─10595 nginx: worker process
     ├─10596 nginx: worker process
     ├─10597 nginx: worker process
     ├─10598 nginx: worker process
     ├─10599 nginx: cache manager process
     └─10600 nginx: cache loader process

mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: starting the nginx http and reverse proxy server...
mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: the configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: started the nginx http and reverse proxy server.

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。