Java串口通信

1.准备工具

2.项目JAR包

		<!-- 串口开发中用到的工具类 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
			<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
			<version>5.5.9</version>
		</dependency>

3. 串口工具类

/**
 *	串口管理
 * @author SmallDemon
 */
public class SerialPortManager {

	/**
	 * 查找所有可用端口
	 * 
	 * @return 可用端口名称列表
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static final ArrayList<String> findPort() {
		// 获得当前所有可用串口
		Enumeration<CommPortIdentifier> portList = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
		ArrayList<String> portNameList = new ArrayList<String>();
		// 将可用串口名添加到List并返回该List
		while (portList.hasMoreElements()) {
			String portName = portList.nextElement().getName();
			portNameList.add(portName);
		}
		return portNameList;
	}

	/**
	 * 打开串口
	 * 
	 * @param portName 端口名称
	 * @param baudrate 波特率
	 * @return 串口对象
	 * @throws SerialPortParameterFailure 设置串口参数失败
	 * @throws NotASerialPort             端口指向设备不是串口类型
	 * @throws NoSuchPort                 没有该端口对应的串口设备
	 * @throws PortInUse                  端口已被占用
	 */
	public static final SerialPort openPort(String portName, int baudrate) throws Exception {
		try {
			// 通过端口名识别端口
			CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portName);
			// 打开端口，设置端口名与timeout（打开操作的超时时间）
			CommPort commPort = portIdentifier.open(portName, 2000);
			// 判断是不是串口
			if (commPort instanceof SerialPort) {
				SerialPort serialPort = (SerialPort) commPort;
				try {
					// 设置串口的波特率等参数
					serialPort.setSerialPortParams(baudrate, SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
							SerialPort.PARITY_EVEN);
				} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
					throw new Exception("设置串口参数失败", e);
				}
				return serialPort;
			} else {
				throw new Exception("不是串口");
			}
		} catch (NoSuchPortException e1) {
			throw new Exception("没有该端口对应的串口设备", e1);
		} catch (PortInUseException e2) {
			throw new Exception("端口已被占用", e2);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 向串口发送数据
	 * 
	 * @param serialPort 串口对象
	 * @param order      待发送数据
	 * @throws SendDataToSerialPortFailure        向串口发送数据失败
	 * @throws SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure 关闭串口对象的输出流出错
	 */
	public static void sendToPort(SerialPort serialPort, byte[] order) throws Exception {
		OutputStream out = null;
		try {
			out = serialPort.getOutputStream();
			out.write(order);
			out.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new Exception("向串口发送数据失败",e);
		} finally {
			try {
				if (out != null) {
					out.close();
					out = null;
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new Exception("关闭串口对象的输出流出错",e);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 从串口读取数据
	 * 
	 * @param serialPort 当前已建立连接的SerialPort对象
	 * @return 读取到的数据
	 * @throws ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure     从串口读取数据时出错
	 * @throws SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure 关闭串口对象输入流出错
	 */
	public static byte[] readFromPort(SerialPort serialPort) throws Exception {
		InputStream in = null;
		byte[] bytes = null;
		try {
			in = serialPort.getInputStream();
			// 获取buffer里的数据长度
			int bufflenth = in.available();
			while (bufflenth != 0) {
				// 初始化byte数组为buffer中数据的长度
				bytes = new byte[bufflenth];
				in.read(bytes);
				bufflenth = in.available();
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new Exception("从串口读取数据时出错",e);
		} finally {
			try {
				if (in != null) {
					in.close();
					in = null;
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new Exception("关闭串口对象输入流出错",e);
			}
		}
		return bytes;
	}

	/**
	 * 添加监听器
	 * 
	 * @param port     串口对象
	 * @param listener 串口监听器
	 * @throws TooManyListeners 监听类对象过多
	 */
	public static void addListener(SerialPort port, SerialPortEventListener listener) throws Exception {
		try {
			// 给串口添加监听器
			port.addEventListener(listener);
			// 设置当有数据到达时唤醒监听接收线程
			port.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
			// 设置当通信中断时唤醒中断线程
			port.notifyOnBreakInterrupt(true);
		} catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
			throw new Exception("监听类对象过多", e);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 关闭串口
	 * 
	 * @param serialport 待关闭的串口对象
	 */
	public static void closePort(SerialPort serialPort) {
		if (serialPort != null) {
			serialPort.close();
			serialPort = null;
		}
	}
}

4. 串口监听器

/**
 *	监听串口通信中断及其接收信息
 * @author SmallDemon
 */
public abstract class SerialListener implements SerialPortEventListener{

	private SerialPort serialPort = null;

	public SerialListener(SerialPort serialPort) {
		this.serialPort = serialPort;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent serialPortEvent) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		switch (serialPortEvent.getEventType()) {
	    case SerialPortEvent.BI: // 10 通讯中断
	    	closeSerial(serialPort);
            break;
        case SerialPortEvent.OE: // 7 溢位（溢出）错误
        case SerialPortEvent.FE: // 9 帧错误
        case SerialPortEvent.PE: // 8 奇偶校验错误
        case SerialPortEvent.CD: // 6 载波检测
        case SerialPortEvent.CTS: // 3 清除待发送数据
        case SerialPortEvent.DSR: // 4 待发送数据准备好了
        case SerialPortEvent.RI: // 5 振铃指示
        case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY: // 2 输出缓冲区已清空
            break;
        case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE: // 1 串口存在可用数据
        	 byte[] data = null;
             try {
                 data = SerialPortManager.readFromPort(serialPort);
                 readString(data);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 // 发生读取错误时显示错误信息后退出系统
                 System.exit(0);
             }
             break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	
	public abstract void readString(byte[] data);
	
	public abstract void closeSerial(SerialPort serialPort);
}

5.调用案列

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ArrayList<String> findPort = SerialPortManager.findPort();
		System.err.println("查找出的串口：" + findPort);
		SerialPort openPort = SerialPortManager.openPort(findPort.get(0), 9600);
		SerialListener serialListener = new SerialListener(openPort) {
			@Override
			public void readString(byte[] data) {
				// 解析数据
				String decodeHexStr = HexUtil.decodeHexStr(HexUtil.encodeHexStr(data), CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
				System.err.println(decodeHexStr);
			}

			@Override
			public void closeSerial(SerialPort serialPort) {
				System.err.println("串口连接中断");
			}
		};
		
		SerialPortManager.addListener(openPort, serialListener);
		String send = "测试发送串口信息";
		byte[] decodeHex = HexUtil.decodeHex(HexUtil.encodeHexStr(send));
		SerialPortManager.sendToPort(openPort, decodeHex);
	}

参考文档：https://blog.csdn.net/kong_gu_you_lan/article/details/52302075

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36296155/article/details/114264470