AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码
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2022-09-08 13:26:15
将介绍如何用angularjs构建一个强大的web前端系统。angularjs是由google团队开发的一款非常优秀web前端框架。在当前如此多的web框架下，angula...
将介绍如何用angularjs构建一个强大的web前端系统。angularjs是由google团队开发的一款非常优秀web前端框架。在当前如此多的web框架下，angularjs能脱颖而出，从架构设计上就高人一等，双向数据绑定，依赖注入，指令，mvc，模板。angular.js创新地把后台技术融入前端开发，扫去jquery一度的光芒。用angularjs就像写后台代码，更规范，更结构化，更可控。
本文将介绍如何实现多限级导航菜单。
目录
1.静态多级菜单实现
2.动态多级菜单实现
1. 静态多级菜单实现
要实现多级菜单，我们要分两步走，第一步就是把静态菜单的功能实现，通过纯静态的html代码完成。第二步，通过angluarjs进行动态实现，最后把数据和程序分离，通过ajax加载多级菜单数据。
我们先从静态多级菜单开始动手，一个六级导航菜单是什么样子呢？
如上图所示，我们定义一些功能需求。
1级菜单是导航条上的文字。
当1级菜单导航事件被触发，显示2级菜单导航，在1级菜单的正下方显示。
当2级菜单导航事件被触发，显示3级菜单导航，在2级菜单的右方显示。
当3级菜单导航事件被触发，显示4级菜单导航，在3级菜单的右方显示。
以此类推，不考虑下级菜单显示出界问题。
继续上文中的项目环境，增加一个新html文件: page3.html
~ vi d:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page3.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>多级导航菜单</title>
<meta name="description" content="多级导航菜单">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="fragment" content="!" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page2">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" ng-controller="navbarctrl">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >多级菜单导航</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >link</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">multi level <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 1</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >more options</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 2</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >more..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 3</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 3</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >more..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 4</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 4</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >more..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 5</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 5</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 2</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 2</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >level 1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
新建一个css文件：main.css
~ vi d:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\css\main.css
.dropdown:hover .menu-top {
display: block;
}
.dropdown-submenu{
position:relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu > .dropdown-menu{
top:0;
left:100%;
margin-top:-6px;
margin-left:-1px;
-webkit-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > .dropdown-menu{
display:block;
}
.dropdown-submenu > a:after{
display:block;
content:" ";
float:right;
width:0;
height:0;
border-color:transparent;
border-style:solid;
border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;
border-left-color:#cccccc;
margin-top:5px;
margin-right:-10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > a:after{
border-left-color:#ffffff;
}
.dropdown-submenu .pull-left{
float:none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left > .dropdown-menu{
left:-100%;
margin-left:10px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
}
刷新一下网页，我们能就看到上面的截图的效果，代码参考：
通过html和css就实现了多级菜单的静态展示效果，如果导航菜单不是经常变化，那么用静态的方式，把代码写死就可以了。但有一些场景，菜单是需要动态生成，比如通过权限控制访问链接，每个用户的权限不一样，那么能看到的菜单选项也就不一样，这个时候就需要做成动态的，用程序去控制菜单的加载和展示。
2. 动态多级菜单实现
有了静态多级导航菜单的html代码结构，改写成动态的，其实也不太复杂。
我们需要做2件事：
把导航菜单的数据结构化存储，比如 存放到文件 nav.json。
用angularjs的api加载nav.json数据，进行展示。
我们先定义一下导航菜单的数据格式，以json格式定义，每个菜单项都有3个属性字段
label: 导航菜单项显示的名字。
link: 导航菜单项的跳转链接，可以不定义。
children: 导航菜单项的子菜单，循环对象存储。
{
"label": "levela",
"link": "#",
"children": [
{
"label": "levelb",
"link": "#",
"children": []
}
]
}
下面我们用真实的数据定义导航菜单，以我的金融系统为例。
新建json数据文件：nav.json。
~ vi d:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\js\nav.json
[
{
"label": "债券",
"children": [
{
"label": "可转债",
"children": [
{"label": "可转债溢价率分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "可转债ns定价","link":"#"},
{"label": "可转债归因分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "可转债套利实时监控","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "信用债",
"children": [
{"label": "交易所债券监控","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "利率债","link":"#",
"children": []
},
{
"label": "国债期货",
"children": [
{"label": "国债期货表现分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "国债期货实时套利监控","link":"#"},
{"label": "irr历史时间序列查询","link":"#"},
{"label": "irr实时监控","link":"#"}
]
}
]
},
{
"label": "股票",
"children": [
{
"label": "基本面分析",
"children": [
{"label": "上市公司基本面数据查看","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "量化选股策略",
"children": []
}
]
},
{
"label": "宏观",
"children": [
{
"label": "宏观数据",
"children": [
{"label": "宏观数据概览","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "宏观经济预测",
"children": []
},
{
"label": "宏观经济和大类资产表现",
"children": []
}
]
}
]
我们看到这个导航菜单的数据，有3级，“债券–>可转债–>可转债归因分析”，那么接下我们就直接实现对三级菜单的编程。创建html文件page4.html。
~ vi d:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page4.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>多级动态导航菜单</title>
<meta name="description" content="多级动态导航菜单">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="fragment" content="!" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page4">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" ng-controller="navbarctrl">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/" rel="external nofollow" >量化投资平台</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li ng-repeat="a1 in navbar" class="dropdown">
<a href="?{{ a1.label }}" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">{{ a1.label }} <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
<li ng-repeat="a2 in a1.children" class="dropdown-submenu">
<a tabindex="-1" href="?{{ a2.label }}" rel="external nofollow" >{{ a2.label }}</a>
<ul ng-show="a2.children.length>0" class="dropdown-menu">
<li ng-repeat="a3 in a2.children">
<a href="?{{ a3.label }}" rel="external nofollow" ng-click="go(a3.link)">{{ a3.label }}</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
在angularjs的控制器文件app.js文件中，增加page4的定义。
var page4 = angular.module('page4', ['ui.bootstrap', 'ngroute']);
page4.config(['$routeprovider', '$locationprovider', '$sceprovider', function ($routeprovider, $locationprovider, $sceprovider) {
$routeprovider
.when('/', {controller: 'democtrl'})
.otherwise({redirectto: '/'});
$locationprovider.html5mode(true);
}]);
page4.controller('navbarctrl', function ($scope,$http,$location) {
$http.get("/js/nav.json").success(function(json){
$scope.navbar = json;
});
});
page4.controller('democtrl', function () {
// nothing
});
查看一下显示效果，与上面的截图类似。
文章到这里就结束了，已经实现了我的功能需求。但这个话题还有很多可以优化的地方，比如实现无限级的导航菜单，菜单的展示样式替换，展示区间的控制，鼠标动作事件，封装成angularjs的插件开源项目等。有兴趣的同学，可以我的程序的基础上继续努力，做出优秀的开源项目来。
代码已上传到github：，同学可以根据需要自行下载，也可以直接通过命令下载代码。
git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar.git cd angular-navbar bower install anywhere
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的angularjs+bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码，希望对大家有所帮助