CentOS7.8安装mysql 8.0.20的教程详解
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2022-09-05 14:04:48
一、安装mysql软件下载并安装mysql官方的yum repository,mysql版本8.0.20wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-comm...
一、安装mysql软件
下载并安装mysql官方的 yum repository,mysql版本8.0.20
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
下载后直接yum安装
yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
安装mysql服务器
yum -y install mysql-community-server
[root@centos linux]# yum -y install mysql-community-server loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kb 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kb 00:00:00 mysql80-community | 2.5 kb 00:00:00 (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 57 kb 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p failed b 00:51:07 eta http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/12bd1e8730cd532791529877bf5e7babbbb02879-primary.sqlite.bz2: [errno 12] timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/12bd1e8730cd532791529877bf5e7babbbb02879-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'operation too slow. less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds') trying other mirror. (2/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 72 kb 00:00:00 mysql80-community/x86_64/prima failed b 00:00:15 eta http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/833c637b3989c2dd5a079a045177d2f1c96e9c1e-primary.sqlite.bz2: [errno 12] timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/833c637b3989c2dd5a079a045177d2f1c96e9c1e-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'operation too slow. less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds') trying other mirror. (3/3): mysql80-community/x86_64/primary_db | 107 kb 00:00:00 resolving dependencies --> running transaction check ---> package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed --> processing dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.20-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> processing dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> running transaction check ---> package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed --> processing dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 ---> package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed --> running transaction check ---> package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 --> processing dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 ---> package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> running transaction check ---> package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> finished dependency resolution dependencies resolved =============================================================================================== package arch version repository size =============================================================================================== installing: mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.20-1.el7 mysql80-community 4.5 m replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.20-1.el7 mysql80-community 1.2 m replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.20-1.el7 mysql80-community 488 m installing for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.20-1.el7 mysql80-community 47 m mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.20-1.el7 mysql80-community 609 k transaction summary =============================================================================================== install 3 packages (+2 dependent packages) total download size: 541 m is this ok [y/d/n]: y downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: header v3 dsa/sha1 signature, key id 5072e1f5: nokey public key for mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/5): mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 609 kb 00:00:00 (2/5): mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 4.5 mb 00:00:13 (3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 mb 00:00:04 mysql-community-client-8.0.20- failed b 00:22:23 eta http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: [errno 12] timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'operation too slow. less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds') trying other mirror. (4/5): mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 488 mb 00:22:18 (5/5): mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 mb 00:01:57 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- total 376 kb/s | 541 mb 00:24:34 retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-mysql importing gpg key 0x5072e1f5: userid : "mysql release engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 package : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch (installed) from : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-mysql is this ok [y/n]: y running transaction check running transaction test transaction test succeeded running transaction warning: rpmdb altered outside of yum. installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/6 installing : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/6 installing : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/6 installing : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 4/6 installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/6 erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 6/6 verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/6 verifying : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/6 verifying : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/6 verifying : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 4/6 verifying : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/6 verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 6/6 installed: mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 dependency installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 replaced: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 complete!
安装完成后就会覆盖掉之前的mariadb
二、配置mysql数据库
启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld.service
查看mysql运行状态
systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - mysql server loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) active: active (running) since wed 2020-05-13 23:57:41 hkt; 18s ago docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html process: 9563 execstartpre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/success) main pid: 9649 (mysqld) status: "server is operational" tasks: 39 cgroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─9649 /usr/sbin/mysqld may 13 23:57:34 centos.highning.com systemd[1]: starting mysql server... may 13 23:57:41 centos.highning.com systemd[1]: started mysql server.
找出root初始密码
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-05-13t15:57:37.815353z 6 [note] [my-010454] [server] a temporary password is generated for : 9*cxxnrwhqml
进入数据库：
mysql -uroot -p
输入密码（密码是上面查询到的 ,/wsw6gif;eh ），此时不能操作数据库，必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'new password';
其中‘new password'替换成你要设置的密码，注意:密码设置必须要大小写字母数字和特殊符号（,/';:等）,不然不能配置成功
三、开启mysql的远程访问
执行以下命令开启远程访问限制（注意：下面命令开启的ip是 192.168.0.1，如要开启所有的，用%代替ip）,mysql8.0和以前的版本不一样，不能用原来的命令同时授权和创建用户：
create user 'root'@'192.168.0.1' identified by 'password'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.0.1' with grant option;
再输入以下两行命令
flush privileges; exit
四、为firewalld添加开放端口
添加mysql端口3306和tomcat端口8080
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
重新载入
firewall-cmd --reload
最后在windows下用mysql命令登录
microsoft windows [版本 10.0.18363.778] (c) 2019 microsoft corporation。保留所有权利。 c:\users\highning>mysql -h 192.168.88.88 -p 3306 -u root -p enter password: ******** welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g. your mysql connection id is 10 server version: 8.0.20 mysql community server - gpl copyright (c) 2000, 2020, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved. oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
修改密码安全策略，改为low，密码长度最小6位
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+--------+ | variable_name | value | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | on | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 8 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | medium | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.policy=low; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.length=6; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+-------+ | variable_name | value | +--------------------------------------+-------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | on | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 6 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | low | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数；
1）、validate_password.length 固定密码的总长度；
2）、validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径；
3）、validate_password_mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数；
4）、validate_password_number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数；
5）、validate_password.policy 指定密码的强度验证等级，默认为 medium；
6）、validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数；
关于 validate_password.policy 的取值：
low：只验证长度；
medium：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符；
strong：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件；
总结
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