Python Tkinter 简单使用

简单的一些实例，能够实现一般的功能就够用了

tkinter：

创建顶层窗口：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

root.mainloop()

 

label使用：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

label = label(root, text="hello world!")

label.pack()

root.mainloop()

 

加入一些参数：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

label = label(root, text="hello world!", height=10, width=30, fg="black", bg="pink")

label.pack()

root.mainloop()

 

frame：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

for relief in [raised, sunken, ridge, groove, solid]:

    f = frame(root, borderwidth=2, relief=relief)

    label(f, text=relief, width=10).pack(side=left)

    f.pack(side=left, padx=5, pady=5)

root.mainloop()

 

button：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

button(root, text="禁用", state=disabled).pack(side=left)

button(root, text="取消").pack(side=left)

button(root, text="确定").pack(side=left)

button(root, text="退出", command=root.quit).pack(side=right)

root.mainloop()

 

给按钮加一些参数：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

button(root, text="禁用", state=disabled, height=2, width=10).pack(side=left)

button(root, text="取消", height=2, width=10, fg="red").pack(side=left)

button(root, text="确定", height=2, width=10, fg="blue", activebackground="blue", activeforeground="yellow").pack(

    side=left)

button(root, text="退出", command=root.quit, fg="black", height=2, width=10).pack(side=right)

root.mainloop()

 

entry：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

 

f1 = frame(root)

label(f1, text="标准输入框：").pack(side=left, padx=5, pady=10)

e1 = stringvar()

entry(f1, width=50, textvariable=e1).pack(side=left)

e1.set("请输入内容")

f1.pack()

 

f2 = frame(root)

e2 = stringvar()

label(f2, text="禁用输入框：").pack(side=left, padx=5, pady=10)

entry(f2, width=50, textvariable=e2, state=disabled).pack(side=left)

e2.set("不可修改内容")

f2.pack()

 

root.mainloop()

 

小案例：摄氏度转为华氏度

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import tkinter as tk

 

 

def ctofclicked():

    cd = float(entrycd.get())

    labelctof.config(text="%.2f摄氏度 = %.2f华氏度" % (cd, cd * 1.8 + 32))

 

 

top = tk.tk()

top.title("摄氏度转华氏度")

labelctof = tk.label(top, text="摄氏度转华氏度", height=5, width=30, fg="blue")

labelctof.pack()

entrycd = tk.entry(top, text="0")

entrycd.pack()

btncal = tk.button(top, text="计算", command=ctofclicked)

btncal.pack()

 

top.mainloop()

 

radiobutton：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

 

foo = intvar()

for text, value in [('red', 1), ('greed', 2), ('black', 3), ('blue', 4), ('yellow', 5)]:

    r = radiobutton(root, text=text, value=value, variable=foo)

    r.pack(anchor=w)

 

foo.set(2)

root.mainloop()

 

checkbutton：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

root = tk()

root.title("顶层窗口")

 

l = [('red', 1), ('green', 2), ('black', 3), ('blue', 4), ('yellow', 5)]

for text, value in l:

    foo = intvar()

    c = checkbutton(root, text=text, variable=foo)

    c.pack(anchor=w)

 

root.mainloop()

 

其他的东西比如文本框，滚动条

其实类似，这里就不全部列出来了，其实最常用的也是上面的这些东西

 

下面做一些小案例：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

 

class mainwindow:

    def __init__(self):

        self.frame = tk()

        self.label_name = label(self.frame, text="name:")

        self.label_age = label(self.frame, text="age:")

        self.label_sex = label(self.frame, text="sex:")

        self.text_name = text(self.frame, height=1, width=30)

        self.text_age = text(self.frame, height=1, width=30)

        self.text_sex = text(self.frame, height=1, width=30)

        self.label_name.grid(row=0, column=0)

        self.label_age.grid(row=1, column=0)

        self.label_sex.grid(row=2, column=0)

        self.button_ok = button(self.frame, text="ok", width=10)

        self.button_cancel = button(self.frame, text="cancel", width=10)

        self.text_name.grid(row=0, column=1)

        self.text_age.grid(row=1, column=1)

        self.text_sex.grid(row=2, column=1)

        self.button_ok.grid(row=3, column=0)

        self.button_cancel.grid(row=3, column=1)

        self.frame.mainloop()

 

 

frame = mainwindow()

 

最后一个综合案例

计算器：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

 

 

def frame(root, side):

    w = frame(root)

    w.pack(side=side, expand=yes, fill=both)

    return w

 

 

def button(root, side, text, command=none):

    w = button(root, text=text, command=command)

    w.pack(side=side, expand=yes, fill=both)

    return w

 

 

class calculator(frame):

    def __init__(self):

        frame.__init__(self)

        self.option_add('*font', 'verdana 12 bold')

        self.pack(expand=yes, fill=both)

        self.master.title('simple cal')

        self.master.iconname('calc1')

 

        display = stringvar()

        entry(self, relief=sunken, textvariable=display).pack(side=top, expand=yes, fill=both)

        for key in ('123', '456', '789', '+0.'):

            keyf = frame(self, top)

            for char in key:

                button(keyf, left, char, lambda w=display, c=char: w.set(w.get() + c))

        opsf = frame(self, top)

 

        for char in '-*/=':

            if char == '=':

                btn = button(opsf, left, char)

                btn.bind('<buttonrelease-1>', lambda e, s=self, w=display: s.calc(w), '+')

            else:

                btn = button(opsf, left, char, lambda w=display, s='%s' % char: w.set(w.get() + s))

 

        clearf = frame(self, bottom)

        button(clearf, left, 'clear', lambda w=display: w.set(''))

 

    def calc(self, display):

        try:

            display.set(eval(display.get()))

        except:

            display.set('error')

 

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    calculator().mainloop()