欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

Ruby中处理时间的一些基本操作

程序员文章站 2022-08-29 19:53:39
 获取当前日期和时间: 以下是一个简单的例子,以获得当前的日期和时间: #!/usr/bin/ruby -w time1 = time.new...

 获取当前日期和时间:

以下是一个简单的例子,以获得当前的日期和时间:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time1 = time.new

puts "current time : " + time1.inspect

# time.now is a synonym:
time2 = time.now
puts "current time : " + time2.inspect

这将产生以下结果:

current time : mon jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008
current time : mon jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008

获取组件的日期和时间:

我们可以用 time  对象来获取日期和时间的各个组成部分。下面的例子显示相同的:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = time.new

# components of a time
puts "current time : " + time.inspect
puts time.year  # => year of the date 
puts time.month  # => month of the date (1 to 12)
puts time.day   # => day of the date (1 to 31 )
puts time.wday  # => 0: day of week: 0 is sunday
puts time.yday  # => 365: day of year
puts time.hour  # => 23: 24-hour clock
puts time.min   # => 59
puts time.sec   # => 59
puts time.usec  # => 999999: microseconds
puts time.zone  # => "utc": timezone name

这将产生以下结果:

current time : mon jun 02 12:03:08 -0700 2008
2008
6
2
1
154
12
3
8
247476
utc

time.utc,time.gm和time.local函数:

可用于这两个函数以标准格式来格式化日期如下:

# july 8, 2008
time.local(2008, 7, 8) 
# july 8, 2008, 09:10am, local time
time.local(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10)  
# july 8, 2008, 09:10 utc
time.utc(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) 
# july 8, 2008, 09:10:11 gmt (same as utc)
time.gm(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) 

下面的例子,在一个数组来获取所有组件按以下格式:

[sec,min,hour,day,month,year,wday,yday,isdst,zone]

尝试以下操作:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = time.new

values = time.to_a
p values

这将产生以下结果:

[26, 10, 12, 2, 6, 2008, 1, 154, false, "mst"]

这个数组可以传递给time.utc或time.local函数得到不同的日期格式如下:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

time = time.new

values = time.to_a
puts time.utc(*values)

这将产生以下结果:

mon jun 02 12:15:36 utc 2008

跟随着的方式来获得内部表示(依赖于平台)历元以来的秒数时间:

# returns number of seconds since epoch
time = time.now.to_i 

# convert number of seconds into time object.
time.at(time)

# returns second since epoch which includes microseconds
time = time.now.to_f

时区和夏令时:

可以使用一个 time 对象来获取相关的所有信息的时区和夏令如下:

time = time.new

# here is the interpretation
time.zone    # => "utc": return the timezone
time.utc_offset # => 0: utc is 0 seconds offset from utc
time.zone    # => "pst" (or whatever your timezone is)
time.isdst   # => false: if utc does not have dst.
time.utc?    # => true: if t is in utc time zone
time.localtime # convert to local timezone.
time.gmtime   # convert back to utc.
time.getlocal  # return a new time object in local zone
time.getutc   # return a new time object in utc

格式化时间和日期:

有各种各样的方式来格式化日期和时间。下面是一个例子,说明几个:

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
time = time.new

puts time.to_s
puts time.ctime
puts time.localtime
puts time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s")

这将产生以下结果:

mon jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008
mon jun 2 12:35:19 2008
mon jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008
2008-06-02 12:35:19

 时间算术:

可以在时间上做简单的算术如下:

now = time.now      # current time
puts now

past = now - 10     # 10 seconds ago. time - number => time
puts past

future = now + 10    # 10 seconds from now time + number => time
puts future

diff = future - now   # => 10 time - time => number of seconds
puts diff

这将产生以下结果:

thu aug 01 20:57:05 -0700 2013
thu aug 01 20:56:55 -0700 2013
thu aug 01 20:57:15 -0700 2013
10.0