从MySQL到ORM(三)：连接、存储过程和用户权限

-- 作为查询条件使用
-- 查看TNT2订单对应的客户ip（order表）
SELECT cust_id FROM orders WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num FROM orderitems WHERE prod_id='TNT2');
-- 根据TNT2订单的客户ip查看客户信息（cust表）
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM customers WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id FROM orders WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num FROM orderitems WHERE prod_id='TNT2'));
-- 作为计算字段使用
-- 计算每个客户的订单数据
SELECT cust_name, cust_state, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE orders.cust_id = customers.cust_id) AS orders FROM customers ORDER BY cust_name;

-- 笛卡尔积：n * m
-- SELECT * FROM vendors, products;
SELECT orders.cust_id, cust_name FROM orders CROSS JOIN customers;-- 没有WHERE子句
-- 内连接
-- SELECT * FROM vendors, products WHERE vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id;
SELECT * FROM vendors INNER JOIN products on vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id;
-- 左外连接(a)，根据A表相应字段取列
SELECT orders.cust_id, cust_name FROM orders LEFT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;
-- 左外连接b，只取A表中无B表相应字段的列
SELECT vendors.vend_id, vend_name, vend_country  FROM vendors LEFT JOIN products on vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id where products.vend_id IS NULL ORDER BY vend_id;
-- 右外连接(a)，同左外连接(a)
SELECT orders.cust_id, cust_name FROM orders RIGHT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;
-- 右外连接(b)，同左外连接(b)
SELECT customers.cust_id, cust_name FROM orders RIGHT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id WHERE orders.cust_id IS NULL;

-- 全外连接，两者id相等的行和不相等的行都保留
SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM orders LEFT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id
UNION
SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM orders RIGHT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;
-- 全外连接，只保留两者id不相等的行，这里两个WHERE子句一样是因为customers的id字段完全包含orders中的字段
SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM orders LEFT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id WHERE orders.cust_id IS NULL
UNION
SELECT customers.cust_id, orders.order_num FROM orders RIGHT JOIN customers on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id WHERE orders.cust_id IS NULL

-- 创建视图
-- CREATE VIEW viewname AS SELECT *
CREATE VIEW productcustomers AS SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, prod_id FROM customers, orders, orderitems WHERE customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id AND orderitems.order_num = orders.order_num;

CREATE VIEW orderitemsexpanded AS SELECT order_num, prod_id, quantity, item_price, quantity*item_price AS expanded_price FROM orderitems;

-- 执行视图查询时会首先执行视图
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM productcustomers WHERE prod_id ='FB';
SELECT * FROM orderitemsexpanded WHERE order_num = 20009;
-- 删除视图
-- DROP VIEW viewname;
DROP VIEW productcustomers;

-- 创建存储过程
DELIMITER // -- DELIMITER // 和DELIMITER;用于划分一块范围来声明存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE GetAllProducts()-- CRAET PROCEDURE 创建一个存储过程
   BEGIN-- 存储过程的主体的开始
   DECLARE id INT(20) DEFAULT 1003;-- DECLARE variable datatype(size) DEFAULT value,声明局部变量；它只能在BEGIN和END之间生效
    SET id = 1001;-- 变量赋值
   SELECT * FROM products WHERE vend_id = id;-- SQL语句
   END //-- 存储过程的主体的结束，结尾用//
DELIMITER ;

-- 调用存储过程
CALL GetAllProducts();
-- 删除存储过程
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `GetAllProducts`;

-- 设置参数
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE GetProductsByVendId(IN id INT(20), OUT outcome VARCHAR(20))-- 参数默认前缀是IN，即只允许调用函数时给参数传递值；OUT则表示将存储过程的运行结果传递出去,它是个单值参数;
    BEGIN
    SELECT count(*) INTO outcome FROM products WHERE vend_id = id;
    END //
DELIMITER ;
CALL GetProductsByVendId(1003, @outcome);-- 不直接打印结果，而是把结果传递给了全局变量@outcome
SELECT @outcome;-- 设置全局变量可以用SET variable = value;

-- 条件语句
/* IF condition THEN 
    sql
ELSEIF condition THEN
    sql
...
ELSE 
    sql
END IF */

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE GetPriceLevel(IN prod_id CHAR(10), OUT price_level VARCHAR(20))
    BEGIN
    DECLARE price DECIMAL(8,2);
    SELECT prod_price INTO price FROM products WHERE products.prod_id = prod_id;
    
    IF price <= 5 THEN
        SET price_level = 'cheap';
    ELSEIF (price > 5 AND price <= 10) THEN
        SET price_level = 'ordinary';
    ELSE
        SET price_level = 'expensive';
    END IF;
    END //
DELIMITER ;
CALL GetPriceLevel('ANV01', @price_list);
SELECT @price_list;

-- 循环语句
/* WHILE condition DO
   statements
END WHILE */
-- 函数 略
-- 游标 https://www.yiibai.com/mysql/cursor.htm

-- MySQL默认出错自动回滚，没出错自动提交
BEGIN;
SAVEPOINT place;
INSERT INTO orders VALUES(20010, '2005-09-08 00:00:00', 10001);
ROLLBACK;-- ROLLBACK place
COMMIT

/* GRANT
    priv_type [(column_list)]
      [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
    ON [object_type] priv_level
    TO user_specification [, user_specification] ...
    [REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND] ssl_option] ...}]
    [WITH with_option ...]
*/

-- 创建单个用户账户
-- CREATE USER username@localhost IDENTIFIED BY passwd
CREATE USER dbadmin@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd123';
-- 查看该用户权限
SHOW GRANTS FOR dbadmin@localhost;
-- 赋予该用户操作权限
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test.customer TO dbadmin@localhost;-- 可以到mysql.table_priv授权表中查看设置
-- 更新
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW GRANTS FOR dbadmin@localhost;
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;
-- 删除权限
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON test.customer FROM dbadmin@localhost;