mysql-5.5.56版本（二进制包安装）-自定义安装路径

mysql-5.5.56版本(二进制包安装)-自定义安装路径

安装路径：/application/mysql-5.5.56

1.前期准备

mysql依赖

libaio

yum install -y libaio

创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql

useradd -s /bin/false -m mysql

下载mysql二进制包并解压

cd /tools

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/downloads/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -c /application/

切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接

cd /application/

mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.5.56

ln -s mysql-5.5.56/ mysql

递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户

chown -r mysql:mysql mysql-5.5.56/

2.mysql目录内操作

cd mysql

初始化

会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录

./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

更改所属用户和组

chown -r root .

chown -r mysql data

除了mysql目录下的data目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root

拷贝配置文件

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

将mysql的配置文件拷贝为/etc/目录下的my.cnf

修改配置文件

sed -i 28i'log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error' /etc/my.cnf

在配置文件插入了一行，进行配置错误日志

/etc/my.cnf content:

# example mysql config file for medium systems.

#

# this is for a system with little memory (32m - 64m) where mysql plays

# an important part, or systems up to 128m where mysql is used together with

# other programs (such as a web server)

#

# mysql programs look for option files in a set of

# locations which depend on the deployment platform.

# you can copy this option file to one of those

# locations. for information about these locations, see:

# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

#

# in this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.

# if you want to know which options a program supports, run the program

# with the "--help" option.

# the following options will be passed to all mysql clients

[client]

#password = your_password

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# here follows entries for some specific programs

# the mysql server

[mysqld]

port = 3306

log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16m

max_allowed_packet = 1m

table_open_cache = 64

sort_buffer_size = 512k

net_buffer_length = 8k

read_buffer_size = 256k

read_rnd_buffer_size = 512k

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8m

# don't listen on a tcp/ip port at all. this can be a security enhancement,

# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# all interaction with mysqld must be made via unix sockets or named pipes.

# note that using this option without enabling named pipes on windows

# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

# replication master server (default)

# binary logging is required for replication

log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended

binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1

# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set

# but will not function as a master if omitted

server-id = 1

# replication slave (comment out master section to use this)

#

# to configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between

# two methods :

#

# 1) use the change master to command (fully described in our manual) -

# the syntax is:

#

# change master to master_host=, master_port=,

# master_user=, master_password= ;

#

# where you replace , , by quoted strings and

# by the master's port number (3306 by default).

#

# example:

#

# change master to master_host='125.564.12.1', master_port=3306,

# master_user='joe', master_password='secret';

#

# or

#

# 2) set the variables below. however, in case you choose this method, then

# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example

# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to

# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later

# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and

# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown

# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.

# for that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched

# (commented) and instead use change master to (see above)

#

# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1

# (and different from the master)

# defaults to 2 if master-host is set

# but will not function as a slave if omitted

#server-id = 2

#

# the replication master for this slave - required

#master-host =

#

# the username the slave will use for authentication when connecting

# to the master - required

#master-user =

#

# the password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to

# the master - required

#master-password =

#

# the port the master is listening on.

# optional - defaults to 3306

#master-port =

#

# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended

#log-bin=mysql-bin

# uncomment the following if you are using innodb tables

#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10m:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

# you can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of ram but beware of setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16m

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2m

# set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size = 5m

#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8m

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16m

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with sql

#safe-updates

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 20m

sort_buffer_size = 20m

read_buffer = 2m

write_buffer = 2m

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

拷贝启动程序

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序

编辑启动文件，配置启动目录

方法一：

思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。

sed -i ':a;n;$!ba;s/basedir=\ndatadir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql\ndatadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

sed -i ':a;n;$!ba;s/mysqld_pid_file_path=\n/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysqld.pid\n/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

等价于将45、46两行

basedir=

datadir=

mysqld_pid_file_path=

替换成

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/application/mysql/data

mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

方法二(推荐)：

思路是将脚本的默认地址(/usr/local/mysql)直接替换成自定义路径(/application/mysql)，便不用给变量赋值

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql

到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动

3.后期结尾

命令创建软链接

将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令

ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin

设置与修改密码

第一次设置密码：

mysqladmin -u'' password ''

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' password 'password'

往后修改密码：

mysqladmin -u'' -p'' password ''

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' -p'password' password 'newpassword'

登录mysql

$ mysql -u'root' -p'password'

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台

$ mysql -uroot -ppassword

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台

$ mysql -u'root' -p

enter password: #这里输入用户的密码

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台

$ mysql -uroot -p

enter password: #这里输入用户的密码

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台

键入quit或ctrl + d退出mysql环境

mysql> quit

bye

[root@www mysql]#

or

mysql> ^dbye

[root@www mysql]#

4.常用命令

进入mysql

mysql -u'root' -p'password'

mysql -uroot -ppassword

mysql -u'root' -p

mysql -uroot -p

启动mysql

service mysql start

停止mysql

service mysql stop

重启mysql

service mysql restart