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centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

程序员文章站 2022-07-26 21:21:37
Hadoop集群部署,就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79,hadoop2.7.5。 1.Hadoop的节点构成如下: HDFS daemon: NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode YARN damones: Resou ......

Hadoop集群部署,就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79,hadoop2.7.5。

 1.Hadoop的节点构成如下:

HDFS daemon:  NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode

YARN damones: ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy

MapReduce Job History Server

本次测试的分布式环境为:Master 1台 (test166),Slave 1台(test167)

2.1 安装JDK及下载解压hadoop

JDK安装可参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/Dylansuns/p/6974272.html 或者简单安装:https://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5809553.html

从官网下载Hadoop最新版2.7.5

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/ [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

hadoop解压到/usr/hadoop/

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

结果:

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ll
total 211852
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Documents
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop      4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5
-rw-rw-r--.  1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Music
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

 

 2.2 在各节点上设置主机名及创建hadoop组和用户

所有节点(master,slave)

1 [root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root
2 [root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/hosts
3 10.86.255.166 hadoop-master
4 10.86.255.167 slave1
5 注意:修改hosts中,是立即生效的,无需source或者. 。

先使用

建立hadoop用户组

新建用户,useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop (新建用户hadoop指定用户主目录/usr/hadoop 及所属组hadoop)

passwd hadoop 设置hadoop密码(这里设置密码为hadoop)

[root@hadoop-master ~]# groupadd hadoop 
[root@hadoop-master ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop
[root@hadoop-master ~]# passwd hadoop

 

2.3 在各节点上设置SSH无密码登录

最终达到目的:即在master:节点执行  ssh hadoop@salve1不需要密码,此处只需配置master访问slave1免密。

 su - hadoop

进入~/.ssh目录

执行:ssh-keygen -t rsa,一路回车

 生成两个文件,一个私钥,一个公钥,在master1中执行:cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd /usr/hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de hadoop@hadoop-master The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ |=+*.. . . | |oo O . o . | |. o B + . | | = + . . | | + o S | | . + | | . E | | | | | +-----------------+ [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

 2.3.1:本机无密钥登录

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts

验证:
没有提示输入密码则表示本机无密钥登录成功,如果此步不成功,后续启动hdfs脚本会要求输入密码

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@hadoop-master
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

2.3.2:master与其他节点无密钥登录       

 ( 若已有authorized_keys,则执行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1 上面命令的功能ssh-copy-id将pub值写入远程机器的~/.ssh/authorized_key中

)      

从master中把authorized_keys分发到各个结点上(会提示输入密码,输入slave1相应的密码即可):

scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys hadoop@slave1:/home/master/.ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
hadoop@slave1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'hadoop@slave1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$


          

然后在各个节点对authorized_keys执行(一定要执行该步,否则会报错):chmod 600 authorized_keys

保证.ssh 700,.ssh/authorized_keys 600权限

测试如下(第一次ssh时会提示输入yes/no,输入yes即可):

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave1
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018
[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ 
[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave1 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

 

2.4 设置Hadoop的环境变量

Master及slave1都需操作

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/profile  末尾添加,保证任何路径下可执行hadoop命令

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

PATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

让设置生效

[root@hadoop-master ~]# source /etc/profile

或者

[root@hadoop-master ~]# . /etc/profile

Master设置hadoop环境

su - hadoop
1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 新增以下内容 2 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 3 export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5

此时hadoop安装已完成,可执行hadoop命令,后续步骤为集群部署

 

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hadoop
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME]
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME
 or
  where COMMAND is one of:
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
                       note: please use "yarn jar" to launch
                             YARN applications, not this command.
  checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
  credential           interact with credential providers
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
  trace                view and modify Hadoop tracing settings

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

2.5 Hadoop设定

2.5.0 开放端口50070

注:centos7版本对防火墙进行 加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewall

Master节点:

su - root

firewall-cmd --state 查看状态(若关闭,则先开启systemctl start firewalld)

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

开启8000端口:firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和访问类型) --permanent(永久生效)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload -重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

 

关闭端口:firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent

 

Slave1节点:

su - root
systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙 systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

 

 

2.5.1 Master节点的设定文件中指定Slave节点

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ vi slaves
slave1
2.5.2 在各节点指定HDFS文件存储的位置(默认是/tmp)

Master节点: namenode

创建目录并赋予权限

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown   -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

Slave节点:datanode

创建目录并赋予权限,改变所有者

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown -R   hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

2.5.3 Master中设置配置文件(包括yarn)

 

su - hadoop 
1 # vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml 2 3 <configuration> 4 5 <property> 6 7 <name>fs.default.name</name> 8 9 <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value> 10 11 </property> 12 13 <property> 14 15 <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> 16 17 <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp</value> 18 19 </property> 20 21 </configuration>

 

 1 # vi   etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
 2 
 3 <configuration>
 4 
 5 <property>
 6 
 7         <name>dfs.replication</name>
 8 
 9       <value>3</value>
10 
11 </property>
12 
13   <property>
14 
15       <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
16 
17         <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name</value>
18 
19 </property>
20 
21     <property>
22 
23       <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
24 
25       <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data</value>
26 
27     </property>
28 
29  
30 
31 </configuration>
 1 #cp mapred-site.xml.template   mapred-site.xml
 2 
 3 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
 4 
 5 <configuration>
 6 
 7     <property>
 8 
 9         <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
10 
11         <value>yarn</value>
12 
13     </property>
14 
15 </configuration>

YARN设定

yarn的组成(Master节点: resourcemanager ,Slave节点: nodemanager)

以下仅在master操作,后面步骤会统一分发至salve1。

 1 # vi   etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
 2 
 3 <configuration>
 4 
 5     <property>
 6 
 7         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
 8 
 9         <value>hadoop-master</value>
10 
11     </property>
12 
13     <property>
14 
15         <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
16 
17         <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
18 
19     </property>
20 
21 </configuration>


2.5.4Master的文件分发至slave1节点。

cd /usr/hadoop

scp -r  hadoop-2.7.5 hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/hadoop

 

2.5.5 Master上启动job history serverSlave节点上指定

此步2.5.5可跳过

Mater:

启动jobhistory daemon

# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

确认

# jps

 

访问Job History Server的web页面

http://localhost:19888/

Slave节点:

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
2 
3     <property>
4 
5         <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
6 
7         <value>hadoop-master:10020</value>
8 
9     </property>

2.5.6 格式化HDFSMaster

# hadoop namenode -format

Master结果:

 centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

 

2.5.7 Master上启动daemonSlave上的服务会一起启动

 启动:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master]
hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out
[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ 

确认

Master节点:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps
81209 NameNode
81516 SecondaryNameNode
82052 Jps
81744 ResourceManager

Slave节点:

[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ jps
58913 NodeManager
59358 Jps
58707 DataNode

停止(需要的时候再停止,后续步骤需running状态):

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh
Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master]
hadoop-master: stopping namenode
slave1: stopping datanode
Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode
stopping yarn daemons
stopping resourcemanager
slave1: stopping nodemanager
no proxyserver to stop

 

2.5.8 创建HDFS

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user

# hdfs dfs -mkdir   /user/test22

2.5.9 拷贝input文件到HDFS目录下

# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh   /user/test22/input

查看

# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input

2.5.10 执行hadoop job

统计单词的例子,此时的output是hdfs中的目录,hdfs dfs -ls可查看

# hadoop jar   share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount   /user/test22/input  output

确认执行结果

# hdfs dfs -cat output/*

2.5.11 查看错误日志

注:日志在salve1的*.log中而不是在master或*.out中

 centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

 

2.6 Q&A

1. hdfs dfs -put 报错如下,解决关闭master&salve防火墙

hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream

java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host