es6基础知识
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2022-07-26 07:53:32
1.超引用:(...) 用于取出参数对象中的所有可遍历属性,拷贝到当前对象之中 2.解构赋值: 赋值: 解构: 3. for of循环: es5的for循环: for in 循环: for of 循环:(不能用来遍历json) 4.Map对象 map对象是因为for of 的出现才出现的,一个map ......
1.超引用:(...)
用于取出参数对象中的所有可遍历属性,拷贝到当前对象之中
function fun(...args){ console.log(args); //[1,2,3,4,5,6] args.push(7); console.log(args); //[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] }
fun(1,2,3,4,5,6)
2.解构赋值:
赋值:
var a = 10,b = 20,c = 30; console.log(a,b,c) //10 20 30
解构:
//数组的格式 var [a,b,c] = [40,20,30]; console.log(a,b,c) //40 20 30 //json格式 var {a,b,c} = {a:10,c:30,b:20}; //可以调换顺序 console.log(a,b,c); //10 20 30 var [a,[b,c],d] = [5,[10,20],30]; //格式对应即可 console.log(a,b,c,d) //5 10 20 30 //混用 var [{a,b},c,[d,e],f] = [{b : "jack",a : "100"},5,[10,20],30]; console.log(a,b,c,d,e,f) //100 jack 5 10 20 30
3. for of循环:
es5的for循环:
var arr = ["red","green","blue","yellow","black"]; for(var i = 0;i < arr.length;i++){ console.log(arr[i]); // }
for in 循环:
for(var i in arr){ console.log(i); //输出的是索引 console.log(arr[i]); }
for of 循环:(不能用来遍历json)
for(var i of arr){ console.log(i); //输出的直接是值 }
4.map对象
//map就是用来存东西的,跟obj类似
var map = new map(); console.log(map); map.abc = "jack"; map.age = "100"; console.log(map); // 设置值 增 改 map.set("a","red"); map.set("b","green"); console.log(map) //查 console.log(map.abc); console.log(map.get('a')); // 删除 delete map.abc; delete map.a; map.delete("a"); console.log(map)
map对象是因为for of 的出现才出现的,一个map对象只能用for of 来遍历.
var map = new map(); map.set("a","red"); map.set("b","green"); map.set("c","blue"); map.set("d","yellow"); map.set("e","black"); for(var index of map.entries()){ //全写 console.log(index); } // 只想循环key for(var key of map.keys()){ console.log(key); } // 只想循环value for(var value of map.values()){ console.log(value); }
5.箭头函数
没有参数时:
var x= () =>{ console.log("hello"); }
有参数时
var x = (a,b) =>{ console.log(a+b); }
x(1,2)
返回对象时要用小括号包起来,因为花括号被解释为代码块了;
var x= () =>{ return({
uname:"www",
gae:18
}) }
直接作为事件handle:
document.addeventlistener("onclick",ev =>{ console.log(ev); }
6.es6原型
在es6以前,必须有类和构造,在es6以前是没有类的概念,构造函数即是构造,也是类;到了es6,完全划分开了]
es5:
function grand() { this.lastname = "王"; } var grand = new grand (); father.prototype = grand; //继承 function father() { this.play = "打球"; } var father = new father; console.log(father); son.prototype = father: function son() { this.play = "打架" } var son = new son(); console.log(son)
es6:
//class 类
//constructor 构造函数
calss person{ //类
constructor(name, age){ //构造
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
showname(){
return this.name;
}
showage{
return this.age;
}
}
var person = new person("jack",18);
class student extends person{ //继承
constructor (name,age,pid){
super(name,age):
this.pid = pid;
}
showpid(){
return this.pid;
}
var student = new student("mack",50,"00001") ;
console.log(student)
7.promise
它就是一个对象,主要是用来处理异步数据的.
在promise中,有三种状态 : pending(等待,处理中) ---> resolve(完成)/ rejected(失败,拒绝)
var por = promise(function(relove,reject){ resolve(123); //成功的函数,成功后把这个数据传递出去 }) pro.then(function(val){ //then方法执行完成后又返回了一个promise对象 //这是个成功的回调 console.log("成功了,接收到的数为:"+val); return val +1; },function(err){ //这是个失败的回调 console.log(err); }).then(function(val){ //之前的then成功后,返回了一个值,这里还要继续执行 console.log(val) }.function(err){})
处理数据(简化步骤)
<div id="box"></div> <button id="btn">展示</button> <script> var box = document.getelementbyid("box"); var btn = document.getelementbyid("btn"); function ajax(url,succ,erro){ var xhr = new xmlhttprequest(); xhr.open("get",url,true); xhr.send(); xhr.onload = function(){ if(xhr.readystate == 4 && xhr.status == 200){ succ(xhr.responsetext); }else{ erro(xhr.status); } } } btn.onclick = function(){ var p = new promise(function(resolve,reject){ ajax('04.txt',function(data){ resolve(data); },function(status){ reject(status); }) }); p.then(function(data){ box.innerhtml = data; },function(err){ box.innerhtml = err; }) } </script>
与之配套的一些方法:
catch() : 捕获
<script> // catch 捕获 var p = new promise(function(resolve,reject){ resolve("success"); }) p.then(function(data){ console.log(data); throw "发生错误了" }).catch(function(err){ console.log(err); }) </script>
all()
<script> // 只有当所有的promise全部成功才能走成功,否则失败 var p1 = promise.resolve(10); var p2 = promise.resolve(20); // var p3 = promise.reject(30); promise.all([p1,p2,true,false]).then(function(data){ console.log(data); },function(err){ console.log(err); }) </script>
race()
<script> // race也是返回一个promise对象 // 获取最先得到的结果,得到以后就不去执行了 var p1 = new promise(function(resolve,reject){ settimeout(resolve,100,"first"); }) var p2 = new promise(function(resolve,reject){ settimeout(resolve,50,"second"); }) promise.race([p1,p2]).then(function(val){ //cdn > 本地加载 console.log(val) }) </script>
reject()
<script> var p1 = promise.resolve(10); var p2 = promise.resolve(p1); //成功的promise里面可以传递一个成功的promise对象 p2.then(function(data){ console.log(data); }) </script>
8,generator(状态机)
遍历完成后,下一个元素的done值会是true
<script> //generator是一个函数,可以将它看做状态机 function* fun(){ yield "hello"; yield "es6"; yield "hello"; yield "mercy"; } var fn = fun(); //1 console.log(fn.next()); //{value: "hello", done: false} console.log(fn.next()); //{value: "es6", done: false} console.log(fn.next()); //{value: "hello", done: false} console.log(fn.next()); //{value: "mercy", done: false} console.log(fn.next()); //{value: undefined, done: true} done表示已经讲整个generator函数遍历完成 //2 for (var a of fn){ console.log(a); } //1和2两者只能有一个存在,如果1存在的话,2就不会执行 </script>
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