Linux 系统信息查询

众所周知，linux大部分操作是通过命令实现的，并不像windows那么直观。linux查看硬件信息也是需要通过linux查看硬件信息命令查询的，下面小编来分享一下linux查看硬件信息的方法和命令写法。

linux查看硬件信息

一、查看cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
architecture: i686 #cpu架构
cpu op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
byte order: little endian #小尾序
cpu(s): 4 #总共有4核
on-line cpu(s) list: 0-3
thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核
socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu
vendor id: genuineintel #cpu产商 intel
cpu family: 6
model: 42
stepping: 7
cpu mhz: 1600.000
bogomips: 5986.12
virtualization: vt-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术
l1d cache: 32k
l1i cache: 32k
l2 cache: 256k
l3 cache: 6144k

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个cpu的型号，主频等。

cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0
vendor_id : genuineintel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : intel(r) core(tm) i5-2320 cpu @ 3.00ghz
.....
上面输出的是个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。

二、查看内存情况

free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404
-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691
swap: 9536 31 9505

这里的单位是mb，总共的内存是3926mb。

查看内存详细使用

cat /proc/meminfo

memtotal: 4020868 kb
memfree: 230884 kb
buffers: 7600 kb
cached: 454772 kb
swapcached: 836 kb
.....

三、查看内存硬件信息

dmidecode -t memory

dmidecode 2.11

smbios 2.7 present.
handle 0x0008, dmi type 16, 23 bytes
physical memory array
location: system board or motherboard
....
maximum capacity: 32 gb
....
handle 0x000a, dmi type 17, 34 bytes
....
memory device
array handle: 0x0008
error information handle: not provided
total width: 64 bits
data width: 64 bits
size: 4096 mb
.....
我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096mb的内存。

四、查看硬盘和分区分布

lsblk

name maj:min rm size ro type mountpoint
sda 8:0 0 465.8g 0 disk
├—sda1 8:1 0 1g 0 part /boot
├—sda2 8:2 0 9.3g 0 part [swap]
├—sda3 8:3 0 74.5g 0 part /
├—sda4 8:4 0 1k 0 part
├—sda5 8:5 0 111.8g 0 part /home
└—sda6 8:6 0 269.2g 0 part

五、如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息

fdisk -l

disk /dev/sda: 500.1 gb, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
i/o size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
disk identifier: 0x00023728
device boot start end blocks id system
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 linux
/dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 linux swap / solaris
/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 linux
/dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 linux
/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 linux

六、查看网卡硬件信息

lspci | grep -i 'eth'

02:00.0 ethernet controller: realtek semiconductor co., ltd. rtl8111/8168b pci express gigabit ethernet controller (rev 06)

七、查看系统的所有网络接口

ifconfig -a

eth0 link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo link encap:本地环回
.....
或者是
ip link show
1: lo:

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标

ethtool eth0

settings for eth0:
supported ports: [ tp mii ]
supported link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full
100baset/half 100baset/full
1000baset/half 1000baset/full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
supported pause frame use: no
supports auto-negotiation: yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full
100baset/half 100baset/full
1000baset/half 1000baset/full
advertised pause frame use: symmetric receive-only
advertised auto-negotiation: yes #默认使用自适应模式
link partner advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full
100baset/half 100baset/full
.....
speed: 100mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100mb，导致网卡从支 持千兆，变成要支持百兆
duplex: full #全双工
.....
link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

lspci

00:00.0 host bridge: intel corporation 2nd generation core processor family dram controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 vga compatible controller: intel corporation 2nd generation core processor family integrated graphics controller (rev 09) #显卡
00:14.0 usb controller: intel corporation panther point usb xhci host controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 communication controller: intel corporation panther point mei controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 usb controller: intel corporation panther point usb enhanced host controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 audio device: intel corporation panther point high definition audio controller (rev 04) #声卡
00:1c.0 pci bridge: intel corporation panther point pci express root port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 pci bridge: intel corporation panther point pci express root port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 pci bridge: intel corporation panther point pci express root port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 usb controller: intel corporation panther point usb enhanced host controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation panther point lpc controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 ide interface: intel corporation panther point 4 port sata controller ide mode #硬盘接口
00:1f.3 smbus: intel corporation panther point smbus controller (rev 04)
00:1f.5 ide interface: intel corporation panther point 2 port sata controller ide mode #硬盘接口
02:00.0 ethernet controller: realtek semiconductor co., ltd. rtl8111/8168b pci express gigabit ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡
03:00.0 pci bridge: integrated technology express, inc. device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看设备树:lscpi –t

九、查看bios信息

dmidecode -t bios

......
bios information
vendor: american megatrends inc.
version: 4.6.5
release date: 04/25/2012
.......
bios revision: 4.6
......

dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的dmi(desktop management interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及bios，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的配置，比如说支持的内存数等。

十、如果要查看所有有用信息

dmidecode –q

以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看cpu、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件的信息。