C++自学之路:3.1-简单变量
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2022-07-23 20:16:08
c++自学之路:3.1-简单变量。
#include
#include
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
us...
c++自学之路:3.1-简单变量。
#include #include int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { using namespace std; int n_int = int_max; short n_short = shrt_max; long n_long = long_max; long long n_llong = llong_max; cout << "int is " << sizeof(n_int) << " bytes." << endl; cout << "short is " << sizeof(n_short) << " btyes." << endl; cout << "long is " << sizeof(n_long) << " bytes." << endl; cout << "long long " << sizeof(n_llong) << " bytes." << endl; cout << endl; cout << "maxium values:" << endl; cout << "int:" << n_int << endl; cout << "short:" << n_short << endl; cout << "long:" << n_long << endl; cout << "long long:" << n_llong << endl; cout << "minium int values:" << endl; cout << "bits per byte = " << char_bit << endl; return 0; }sizeof 指出,在使用8位字节的中,int长度为4个字节,可以对类名或者变量名使用sizeof运算符,类名需要放在括号中,变量名括号可选。
cout << "short is " << sizeof(int) << " btyes." << endl;
cout << "short is " << sizeof n_short << " btyes." << endl;
#include #define zero 0; #include int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { using namespace std; short sam = shrt_max; unsigned short sue = sam; cout << "sam has " << sam << " dollars and sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl << "add $1 to each accout." << endl << "now "; sam = sam + 1; sue = sue + 1; cout << "sam has " << sam << " dollars and sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited.\npoor sam!" << endl; sam = zero; sue = zero; cout << "sam has " << sam << " dollars and sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl; cout << "take $1 from each accout." << endl << "now "; sam = sam - 1; sue = sue - 1; cout << "sam has " << sam << " dollars and sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl << "lucky sue!" << endl; return 0; }运行结果:
sam has 32767 dollars and sue has 32767 dollars deposited.
add $1 to each accout.
now sam has -32768 dollars and sue has 32768 dollars deposited.
poor sam!
sam has 0 dollars and sue has 0 dollars deposited.
take $1 from each accout.
now sam has -1 dollars and sue has 65535 dollars deposited.
lucky sue!
short 变量sam 和 unsigned short 变量 sue,分别设置最大值和最小值。short变量从最大值加1,取值从32768变成—32769。unsigned short变量从最大值加1并没有什么问题。short变量从最大值减1,没什么问题。unsigned short变量从最大值加1,从0变为65535。
如果超越了范围,其值将从范围另一端取值。
无符号类型:
unsigned short change;
unsigned int rovert;
unsigned quarterback;//unsigned 本身是 unsigned int 缩写。
unsigned long gone;
unsigned long long lang_lang;
//无符号类型的正值更大。
选择整型类型:
1.int 被设置为对目标计算机而言最为自然的长度。
2.如果变量表示的值不可能为负,如文档中的字数,则可以使用无符号类型,这样可以表示更大的值。
#include using namespace std; int main(int argc, const char * arvg[]) { using namespace std; int chest = 42;//10进制 int waist = 0x42;//16进制 int inseam = 042;//8进制 cout << "monsieur cuts a striking figure!\n"; cout << "chest = " << chest << " (42 in decimal)\n"; cout << "waist = " << waist << " (0x42 in hex)\n"; cout << "inseam = " << inseam << " (042 in octal)\n" << endl; // 1.默认情况下cout以十进制显示。 return 0; }
#include using namespace std; int main(int argc, const char * arvg[]) { using namespace std; int chest = 42; int waist = 42; int inseam = 42; cout << "monsieur cuts a striking figure!" << endl; cout << "chest = " << chest << " (decimal for 42)" << endl; cout << hex; cout << "waist = " << waist << " (hexadecimal for 42)" << endl; cout << oct; cout << "inseam = " << inseam << " (octal for 42)" << endl; // hex将值转换成16进制显示。oct将值转换成8进制显示。dec将值转换为10进制显示。 return 0; }c++确定常量类型
1.除非有理由将值储存为其他类型,否则c++将整型常量储存为int类型。
2.整数后面l或者l表示long类型,u或者u表示unsigned int 类型,ul表示 unsigned long 类型,ull或者ull表示unsigned long long类型。
3.c++中,对于10进制数值的规则。(int为16位的机器中)20000表示为int类型,40000表示为long类型,3000000000表示为long long 类型。
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