欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

使用Data Lake Analytics快速分析OSS上的日志文件

程序员文章站 2022-07-14 20:38:46
...

背景

Data Lake Analytics (后文简称 DLA)是Serverless化的云上交互式查询分析服务,用户可以通过标准的SQL语句对存储在OSS, OTS, RDS等介质上的数据进行快速地查询分析。

日志文件在大数据分析中的地位举足轻重。对于一个服务来说,其日志文件往往记录了其运行的所有详细信息。无论是故障排除,状态监控,还是预测告警,都离不开对日志文件的查询分析。由于OSS的高性价比,越来越多的用户倾向把大量的日志文件存储在OSS中。DLA可以无需移动OSS上的日志文件,直接对其做查询分析。

本文将介绍如何使用DLA对常见格式的日志文件做查询。

使用DLA查询日志文件

DLA可以分析的日志文件需要满足下面的条件:

  1. 日志文件是纯文本的格式,每行可以映射为表中的一条记录;
  2. 每行的内容有固定的模式,可以用一个正则表达式去匹配

目前对日志文件的支持还仅限于OSS数据源,因此需要用户预先将日志文件保存于OSS中。

对日志文件建表时,最麻烦的一步就是写正则表达式。下面将以常见的日志文件为例,给出每种文件类型的正则表达式供大家参考。

Apache WebServer 日志

文件内容

127.0.0.1 - frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326
127.0.0.1 - - [26/May/2009:00:00:00 +0000] "GET /someurl/?track=Blabla(Main) HTTP/1.1" 200 5864 - "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/525.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/1.0.154.65 Safari/525.19"

正则表达式

([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) (-|\\[[^\\]]*\\]) ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") (-|[0-9]*) (-|[0-9]*)(?: ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\"))?

建表语句

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE webserver_log(
  host STRING,
  identity STRING,
  userName STRING,
  time STRING,
  request STRING,
  status STRING,
  size INT,
  referer STRING,
  agent STRING)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
  "input.regex" = "([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) (-|\\[[^\\]]*\\]) ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") (-|[0-9]*) (-|[0-9]*)(?: ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\"))?"
)
STORED AS TEXTFILE
LOCATION 'oss://mybucket/datasets/path/to/webserver.log';

查询结果

mysql> select * from webserver_log;
+-----------+----------+-------+------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--------+------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | identity | userName | time                         | request                                     | status | size | referer | agent                                                                                                                    |
+-----------+----------+-------+------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--------+------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 127.0.0.1 | -        | frank | [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] | "GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0"               | 200    | 2326 | NULL    | NULL                                                                                                                     |
| 127.0.0.1 | -        | -     | [26/May/2009:00:00:00 +0000] | "GET /someurl/?track=Blabla(Main) HTTP/1.1" | 200    | 5864 | -       | "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/525.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/1.0.154.65 Safari/525.19" |
+-----------+----------+-------+------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--------+------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Ngnix访问日志

以NGINX文档中提到的format为例:https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/monitoring/logging/#
文件内容

127.0.0.1 - - [14/May/2018:21:58:04 +0800] "GET /?stat HTTP/1.1" 200 182 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java/2.6.0(Linux/2.6.32-220.23.2.ali927.el5.x86_64/amd64;1.6.0_24)" "-"
127.0.0.1 - - [14/May/2018:21:58:04 +0800] "GET /?prefix=&delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&encoding-type=url HTTP/1.1" 200 7202 "https://help.aliyun.com/product/70174.html" "aliyun-sdk-java/2.6.0(Linux/2.6.32-220.23.2.ali927.el5.x86_64/amd64;1.6.0_24)" "-"

正则表达式

([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) (-|\\[[^\\]]*\\]) (\".*?\") (-|[0-9]*) (-|[0-9]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) (-|\\[[^\\]]*\\]) (\".*?\") (-|[0-9]*) (-|[0-9]*)

建表语句

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ngnix_log(
  remote_address STRING,
  identity STRING,
  remote_user STRING,
  time_local STRING,
  request STRING,
  status STRING,
  body_bytes_sent INT,
  http_referer STRING,
  http_user_agent STRING,
  gzip_ratio STRING
)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
  "input.regex" = "([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) ([^ ]*) (-|\\[[^\\]]*\\]) ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") (-|[0-9]*) (-|[0-9]*)(?: ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\") ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\"))? ([^ \"]*|\"[^\"]*\")"
)
STORED AS TEXTFILE
LOCATION 'oss://mybucket/datasets/path/to/ngnix_log';

查询结果

mysql> select * from ngnix_log;
+----------------+----------+-------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| remote_address | identity | remote_user | time_local                   | request                                                               | status | body_bytes_sent | http_referer                                 | http_user_agent                                                                 | gzip_ratio |
+----------------+----------+-------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+
| 127.0.0.1      | -        | -           | [14/May/2018:21:58:04 +0800] | "GET /?stat HTTP/1.1"                                                 | 200    |             182 | "-"                                          | "aliyun-sdk-java/2.6.0(Linux/2.6.32-220.23.2.ali927.el5.x86_64/amd64;1.6.0_24)" | "-"        |
| 127.0.0.1      | -        | -           | [14/May/2018:21:58:04 +0800] | "GET /?prefix=&delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&encoding-type=url HTTP/1.1" | 200    |            7202 | "https://help.aliyun.com/product/70174.html" | "aliyun-sdk-java/2.6.0(Linux/2.6.32-220.23.2.ali927.el5.x86_64/amd64;1.6.0_24)" | "-"        |
+----------------+----------+-------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+

Aapache Log4j 日志

以Hadoop默认生成的日志文件为例。
文件内容

2018-11-27 17:45:23,128 INFO org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.AbstractYarnScheduler: Minimum allocation = <memory:1024, vCores:1>
2018-11-27 17:45:23,128 INFO org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.AbstractYarnScheduler: Maximum allocation = <memory:8192, vCores:4>
2018-11-27 17:45:23,154 INFO org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacitySchedulerConfiguration: max alloc mb per queue for root is undefined
2018-11-27 17:45:23,154 INFO org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacitySchedulerConfiguration: max alloc vcore per queue for root is undefined

正则表达式

^(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2})\\s+(\\d{2}.\\d{2}.\\d{2}.\\d{3})\\s+(\\S+)\\s+(\\S+)\\s+(.*)$

建表语句

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE log4j_log(
  date STRING,
  time STRING,
  level STRING,
  class STRING,
  details STRING
)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
  "input.regex" = "^(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2})\\s+(\\d{2}.\\d{2}.\\d{2}.\\d{3})\\s+(\\S+)\\s+(\\S+)\\s+(.*)$"
)
STORED AS TEXTFILE
LOCATION 'oss://oss-cn-beijing-for-openanalytics-test-2/datasets/jinluo/nginx/log4j_sample.log';

查询结果

mysql> select * from log4j_log;
+------------+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| date       | time         | level | class                                                                                            | details                                         |
+------------+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-11-27 | 17:45:23,128 | INFO  | org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.AbstractYarnScheduler:                   | Minimum allocation = <memory:1024, vCores:1>    |
| 2018-11-27 | 17:45:23,128 | INFO  | org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.AbstractYarnScheduler:                   | Maximum allocation = <memory:8192, vCores:4>    |
| 2018-11-27 | 17:45:23,154 | INFO  | org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacitySchedulerConfiguration: | max alloc mb per queue for root is undefined    |
| 2018-11-27 | 17:45:23,154 | INFO  | org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacitySchedulerConfiguration: | max alloc vcore per queue for root is undefined |
+------------+--------------+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

总结

对于写日志文件的正则表达式:

  1. 正则表达式中的每个字段用 () 作为边界,日志中通常每个字段以空格分隔。
  2. 建表语句中定义的列的个数要和正则表达式中的字段数完全匹配。
  3. 通常,数字可以用 ([0-9]*) 或者 (-|[0-9]*) 匹配,字符串用(1*) 或者 (".*?") 匹配