Chrome插件消息传递实例
首先吐槽“360极速浏览器应用开发平台”的开发文档,在消息传递(http://open.chrome.360.cn/extension_dev/messaging.html)一节中,翻译极其低劣:
Sending a request from the extension to a content script looks very similar, except
that you need to specify which tab to send it to. This example demonstrates sending a message to the content script in the selected tab.
传递一个请求到扩展很容易,你需要指定哪个标签发起这个请求。下面这个例子展示了如何指定标签发起一个请求。
similar翻译成容易,发送到tab翻译成标签发起。
代码更新也不及时,chrome.tabs.getSelected和chrome.extension.sendRequest这两个函数在新版Chrome已经废弃(参考资料[1])。
学习过程中偷懒不看英文,结果反而被绕个大圈子。
1、开发文档
Chrome的消息传递,可以在Web(通过content script)和扩展之间进行,任意一方都可发送或接收消息。
Web(通过content script)发送消息如下:
通过chrome.runtime.sendMessage函数发送消息,其中{greeting: “hello”}是消息对象(大括号的用法见参考资料[2]);function(response) {…}是回调函数,处理接收方发回的消息。
chrome.runtime.sendMessage({greeting: “hello”}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); });
插件发送消息需要确定接收的Tab,如下:
以上代码指定当前tab为消息的接收者。
chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) { chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, {greeting: "hello"}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); }); });
接受端需要通过runtime.onMessage事件处理消息:
chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener( function(request, sender, sendResponse) { console.log(sender.tab ? "from a content script:" + sender.tab.url : "from the extension"); if (request.greeting == "hello") sendResponse({farewell: "goodbye"}); });
事件处理通过function(request, sender, sendResponse){…}完成,以上代码处理消息时在控制台记录发送者的消息,回复“goodbye”消息。
2、完整示例
示例完成content script和插件的消息传递,具体包括:
1、content script发送消息,backgroud接收消息;
2、popup发送消息,content script接收消息。
manifest.json
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{
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"manifest_version": 2,
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"name": "Say Hello",
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"description": "This extension say hello to you.",
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"version": "1.0",
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"permissions": ["tabs", "<all_urls>"],
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"browser_action": {
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"default_icon": "icon.png",
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"default_popup": "popup.html"
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},
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"background": {
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"page": "background.html"
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},
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"content_scripts": [{
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"matches": ["<all_urls>"],
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"js": ["contentscript.js"]
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}]
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}
contentscript.js
chrome.runtime.sendMessage({greeting: "hello"}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); }); chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener( function(request, sender, sendResponse) { console.log(sender.tab ? "from a content script:" + sender.tab.url : "from the extension"); if (request.greeting == "hello"){ sendResponse({farewell: "I'm contentscript,goodbye!"}); } });
background.html
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<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>
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Getting Started Extension's Popup
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</title>
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<script src="background.js">
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<p>
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Hello!
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</p>
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<div id="r">
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
background.js
chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener( function(request, sender, sendResponse) { console.log(sender.tab ? "from a content script:" + sender.tab.url : "from the extension"); if (request.greeting == "hello") sendResponse({farewell: "I'm backgroud,goodbye!"}); });
popup.html
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<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>
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Getting Started Extension's Popup
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</title>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js">
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</script>
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<script src="popup.js">
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<p>
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Hello!
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</p>
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<div id="r">
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
popup.js
chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) { chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, {greeting: "hello"}, function(response) { console.log(response.farewell); }); });
参考资料
[1]Content脚本与扩展的其他页面脚本的消息传递http://blog.csdn.net/greatpresident/article/details/9052801
[2]Javascript中大括号“{}”的多义性http://www.cnblogs.com/snandy/archive/2011/02/28/1966894.html