架设java mysql主备及HA切换服务器
目的: 用两台PC server实现主从备份,其中OS和应用的热备由HA完成,数据库采用mysql,采用主从模式实现数据库热备。
两台服务器是hp dl380g5,硬盘采用预设运行的raid5。
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- raid5的定义
RAID5需要三块或三块以上同厂家、同型号、同容量的硬盘搭建,硬盘需要支持热插拔,所组成的阵列容量是所有硬盘容量减去少于一块硬盘的容量之差 。在三盘数据存储之外,还会在存储的同时自动生成奇、偶校验信息,分别存储在不同的硬盘里,占据相对微小的空间。奇偶校验信息耗费的空间有限,但恢复数据的能力却庞大无比。拔出故障盘,换上无故障的新盘,存储于另外一盘中的相对奇或偶校验,均能依据存储在不同盘中的奇、偶校验信息对数据进行有效的恢复。
接着是分区,结果如下:
/home 40g
/ 30g
/var 30g
/usr 30g
/usr/local 10g
/opt 60g
swap 8g
安装jdk和设置环境变量
- 下载jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64.bin
- 放到/usr/local下面
- 解压
- 将下列脚本放入.bash_profile中
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_15/bin
CLASSPATH=/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_15/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_15/jre/lib
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_15
export PATH
export CLASSPATH
export JAVA_HOME - 执行 su - 使环境变量生效
- 可以卸载自带的jdk
卸载自带的jdk
用root用户登陆到系统,打开一个终端输入
# rpm -qa|grep gcj
显示内容其中包含下面两行信息
libgcj-4.1.1-52.el5
libgcj-4.1.1-52.el5
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.112
卸载 java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.112
# rpm -e java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.112 - 验证一下 java -version
安装mysql
- 下载src包
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> gunzip < mysql-VERSION.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> ./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql --with-charset=utf8
shell> make
shell> make install
shell> cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld ; chmod
shell> ln -s ../init.d/mysql S85mysqld && ln -s ../init.d/mysql K85mysqld
shell> cd PREFIX
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql var
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
开放远程访问权限
* 登录mysql后, grant all on *.* to 'mysql'@'ip' identified by 'password';
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p menagerie
shell> mysql < batch-file > mysql.out
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
mysql> \c #表示取消
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
mysql> USE test
mysql> CREATE DATABASE menagerie; #database名和table名大小写敏感,建议只采用小写
mysql> CREATE TABLE pet (name VARCHAR(20), owner VARCHAR(20),
-> species VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, death DATE);
mysql> DESCRIBE table;
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/path/pet.txt' INTO TABLE pet LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';
mysql> INSERT INTO pet
-> VALUES ('Puffball','Diane','hamster','f','1999-03-30',NULL);
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP '^b'; 大小写不敏感
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP BINARY '^b'; 大小写敏感
mysql> source filename ; #在mysql中执行sql语句脚本文件
mysql> \. filename
CREATE TABLE animals (
id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
); #The AUTO_INCREMENT attribute can be used to generate a unique identity for new rows
select中的一些函数:
(RIGHT(CURDATE(),5)<RIGHT(birth,5)) 截取字符串
YEAR(CURDATE()) 获取年份
MAX(article)
CONCAT(p1.id, p1.tvab) + 0 AS tvid
shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tables]
shell> mysqldump [options] --databases db_name1 [db_name2 db_name3...]
shell> mysqldump [options] --all-databases
shell> mysqlimport [options] db_name textfile1 [textfile2 ...]
mysql> show engines\G
shell> chown -R user_name /path/to/mysql/datadir
配置Master-Master的同步
1. 两台服务器做ttt,分别叫做ttt1和ttt2
2. 启动或关闭mysql的脚本
/opt/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server {start|stop}
3. 给ttt1和ttt2的mysql互相Grant权限
4. master-master的配置关键在于设置auto_increment_increment 和 auto_increment_offset
这两个东西其实影响的是mysql里面自增字段的增长方式。比如某个走1 3 5, 另一个就会走2 4 6.
一般配置的原则是:
如果有N 个Mysql 几点(N=2),那么auto_increment_increment就在所有的节点上设置成N,同时每个节点
设置一个不同的auto_increment_offset值(1, 2, ..., N)
ttt1上
log-bin=mysql-bin server-id = 1 replicate-same-server-id = 0 auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 1 master-host=ttt2 master-port=3306 master-user=mysql master-password=mysql master-connect-retry=60 relay-log = slave-relay.log relay-log-index = slave-relay-log.index expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 2000M slave-skip-errors=126,1062
ttt2上
log-bin=mysql-bin server-id =2 replicate-same-server-id = 0 auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 2 master-host=ttt1 master-port=3306 master-user=mysql master-password=mysql master-connect-retry=60 log-bin=mysql-bin relay-log = slave-relay.log relay-log-index = slave-relay-log.index expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 2000M slave-skip-errors=126,1062
5将ttt1上的数据库dump到ttt2上
ttt1> mysqldump -u root --opt exampledb > snapshot.sql scp snapshot.sql root@ttt2:/tmp ttt2> /usr/bin/mysqladmin --user=root --password=yourrootsqlpassword stop-slave cd /tmp mysql -u root exampledb < snapshot.sql
6. 查看各自master的状态
show master status
7. 指定各自master开始读的位置
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='ttt1', MASTER_USER='mysql', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000009', MASTER_LOG_POS=84828; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='ttt2', MASTER_USER='mysql', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=84828;
8. 查看并验证
在ttt1和ttt2上输入show slave status。输出结果中
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
需要是yes。
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
exit;
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER;
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> reset master;
http://www.linuxdiyf.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=64101&highlight=
番外--mysql的rails驱动安装
http://www.tmtm.org/en/mysql/ruby/ tar xzvf mysql-ruby-2.7.3.tar.gz cd mysql-ruby-2.7.3 ruby extconf.rb --with-mysql-dir=/opt/mysql5 make && make install
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