在Linux下如果要比较两个目录，可以使用diff命令，并且需要加上选项-r（递归）。
-r When comparing directories, recursively compare any subdirectories found.
另外还有两个常用的选项，-b （忽略空白）和 -B （忽略空行）
-b Ignore changes in amount of white space.
-B Ignore changes that just insert or delete blank lines.
如下例所示：
[root@s170 cjtj]# diff -r -b -B sch_admin 4sch_admin
Only in 4sch_admin: 1.txt
diff -r -b -B sch_admin/build/CVS/Root 4sch_admin/build/CVS/Root
1c1
< :pserver:coding@cvsbank:/CVSAPPS
---
> :pserver:zhy@218.23.142.44:12401/home/cvsroot
diff -r -b -B sch_admin/conf/CVS/Entries 4sch_admin/conf/CVS/Entries
1c1
< /struts-sch.xml/1.3/Fri May 18 07:31:05 2012//
---
> /struts-sch.xml/1.3/Fri May 18 14:39:35 2012//
。。。
。。。
因为我的目录中带有版本信息，CVS目录存在很大的区别，但是对实际的文件内容是没有意义的，因此我想在比较时忽略掉CVS目录。
--exclude=pattern
When comparing directories, ignore files and subdirectories whose basenames match pattern.
下面是加了 --exclude选项时的比较结果，看上去很清爽。
[root@s170 cjtj]# diff -r -b -B --exclude=CVS sch_admin 4sch_admin
Only in 4sch_admin: 1.txt
Binary files sch_admin/dist/sch-admin.jar and 4sch_admin/dist/sch-admin.jar differ
Only in 4sch_admin/dist: .#sch-admin.jar.1.10
Only in 4sch_admin/dist: .#sch-admin.jar.1.11
Only in 4sch_admin/dist: .#sch-admin.jar.1.12
Only in 4sch_admin/extra/zhaosheng: baoming.html.1
[root@s170 cjtj]#
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