Kubernetes安装部署Master

程序员文章站 2022-07-13 22:24:52

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1、修改本地/etc/hosts文件

# 将以下内容追加(>>)到 /etc/hosts文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat <<EOF >> /etc/hosts
172.26.48.4    k8s-master
172.26.48.5    k8s-node1
172.26.135.94  k8s-node2
EOF

2、CentOS 7 配置国内阿里云镜像源

# 将以下内容替换(>)到 /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
[[email protected] ~]#

3、关闭 SELinux，目的为了允许容器能够与本机文件系统交互。

[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[[email protected] ~]#

4、修改网络开启桥接网络支持，只针对（RHEL/CentOS 7）系统

[[email protected] ~]# cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
[[email protected] ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# sysctl --system
[[email protected] ~]#

5、关闭swap——不关闭配置节点或是配置master都会有问题

swapoff -a

6、安装 ebtables ethtool，否则后边执行 kubeadm init 的时候会报错

[[email protected] ~]# yum install ebtables ethtool -y
# 然后修改当前内核状态 这个文件是在 Docker安装成功后才出现的
[[email protected] ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

7、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

8、镜像准备
kubernetes 服务启动依赖很多镜像，但是这些镜像要是在国内没有*的话，是下载不下来的。这里我们可以去 Docker Hub 下载指定版本的镜像替代，下载完成后，通过 docker tag … 命令修改成指定名称的镜像即可。

[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm config images list
I0524 22:03:10.774681   19610 version.go:96] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
I0524 22:03:10.774766   19610 version.go:97] falling back to the local client version: v1.14.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.2
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.2
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
[[email protected] deploy]#

9、创建文件setup_image.sh 编写脚本批量下载镜像，并修改镜像tag与google的k8s镜像名称一致

#!/bin/bash
# 定义镜像集合数组
images=(
    kube-apiserver:v1.14.2
    kube-controller-manager:v1.14.2
    kube-scheduler:v1.14.2
    kube-proxy:v1.14.2
    pause:3.1
    etcd:3.3.10
)
# 循环从国内Docker镜像库 https://hub.docker.com 中下载镜像
for img in ${images[@]};
do
    # 从国内源下载镜像
    docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/$img
    # 改变镜像名称
    docker tag  mirrorgooglecontainers/$img k8s.gcr.io/$img
    # 删除源始镜像
    docker rmi  mirrorgooglecontainers/$img
    #
    echo '================'
done

# 有一个在Docker Hub中找不到，换个下载仓库
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.3.1
docker tag  coredns/coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
docker rmi  coredns/coredns:1.3.1

10、kubeadm 常用命令

# 启动一个 Kubernetes 主节点
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm init
# 启动一个 Kubernetes 工作节点并且将其加入到集群
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm join
# 更新一个 Kubernetes 集群到新版本
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm upgrade
# 如果使用 v1.7.x 或者更低版本的 kubeadm 初始化集群，您需要对集群做一些配置以便使用 kubeadm upgrade 命令
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm config
# 管理 kubeadm join 使用的令牌
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm token
# 重新生成链接 Token
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
# 查看未失效的 Token列表
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm token list
# 还原 kubeadm init 或者 kubeadm join 对主机所做的任何更改
[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm reset
# 查询所有 pod
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get pod -A -o wide
# 查询所有节点
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
# 查看k8s问题节点日志
[[email protected] deploy]# journalctl -f -u kubelet
# 查看命名空间
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get namespace

11、初始化 master （正常情况）
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=<pod网络IP地址/子网掩码> --kubernetes-version=<k8s版本>

[[email protected] deploy]# kubeadm init  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=v1.14.2
......

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.26.48.4:6443 --token yx9yza.rcb08m1giup70y63 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f6548aa3508014ac5dab129231b54f5085f37fe8e6fc5d362f787be70a1a8a6e
[[email protected] deploy]#

11.1、初始化master出现的错误情况

[[email protected] k8s]# kubeadm init  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=v1.14.2
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.14.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.0-beta5. Latest validated version: 18.09
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
        [ERROR NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`

以上是因为cup核数不够，如果测试用可以忽略

kubeadm init  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=v1.14.2 --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU

12、好了初始化 Master 完成后，我们使用命令 kubectl get node 查看集群节点信息，但是你会发现并没有出现 Node 信息，反而报错如下：

[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get pods
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

13、出现以上原因是没有执行init中日志提示的那一步

[[email protected] deploy]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[[email protected] deploy]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[[email protected] deploy]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[[email protected] deploy]#
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE    VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady   master   9m8s   v1.14.2
[[email protected] deploy]#
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-fb8b8dccf-8xbcf   0/1     Pending   0          10s
kube-system   coredns-fb8b8dccf-ztxxg   0/1     Pending   0          10s
kube-system   kube-proxy-kcvph          1/1     Running   0          9s
[[email protected] deploy]#

14、安装 pod 网络附加组件
kubernetes 提供了很多种网络组件选择，有 Calia、Canal、Flannel、Kube-router、Romana、Weave Net 可以使用，具体使用可以参考（3/4）安装pod网络来操作，这里我们选择 Flannel 作为网络组件。
注意：为了使Flannel正常工作，执行kubeadm init命令时需要增加–pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16参数。Flannel适用于amd64，arm，arm64和ppc64le上工作，但使用除amd64平台得其他平台，你必须手动下载并替换amd64。

# 查看当前系统的发行版信息
[[email protected] deploy]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
Release:        7.5.1804
Codename:       Core
[[email protected] deploy]#
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/k8s-manifests/kube-flannel-rbac.yml
[[email protected] deploy]#
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[[email protected] deploy]#
# 需要等待一小会儿，在查看运行状态就都是 Running 了
[[email protected] deploy]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-fb8b8dccf-8xbcf              1/1     Running   0          2m8s
kube-system   coredns-fb8b8dccf-ztxxg              1/1     Running   0          2m8s
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master                      1/1     Running   0          81s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          81s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master   1/1     Running   0          74s
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hk4wt          1/1     Running   0          51s
kube-system   kube-proxy-kcvph                     1/1     Running   0          2m7s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          69s
[[email protected] deploy]#

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