Spring源码学习【六】AOP原理解析(一)代理对象的生成
目录
一、前言
AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming 面向切面编程)是Spring框架的核心功能之一,关于AOP中一些概念的理解可以参考 SpringAOP概念及其使用 ,下面以一个简单的例子作为Spring AOP源码学习的起点。
首先,定义一个切面类CustomAspect,如下所示:
public class CustomAspect {
public void before() {
System.out.println("Before custom operation");
}
public void after() {
System.out.println("After custom operation");
}
}
然后,在配置文件中定义Bean、切面、切入点、通知等,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="a" class="greedystar.entity.A" lazy-init="true">
<property name="name" value="Alvin"/>
<property name="id" value="123"/>
<property name="roles">
<list>
<value>USER</value>
<value>ADMIN</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 定义切面bean -->
<bean id="aspect" class="greedystar.entity.CustomAspect"/>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<!-- 引入切面 -->
<aop:aspect id="aspect" ref="aspect">
<!-- 定义切点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="say" expression="execution(* greedystar.entity.A.say(..))"/>
<!-- 定义通知 -->
<aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="say"/>
<aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="say"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
最后,通过如下代码获取到IOC容器中名为 a 的Bean:
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
A a = (A) applicationContext.getBean("a");
a.say();
运行结果如下:
Before custom operation
123 Alvin [USER, ADMIN]
After custom operation
从上面的例子中可以看到,say方法在执行前后分别执行了CustomAspect中的before和after方法,于是我们就需要思考一个问题:Spring是在什么地方对Bean进行了改造的?
下面带着这个问题,回到源码中继续学习。
二、源码分析
回想前面几节的学习可以发现:Bean在创建的过程中使用了后置处理器,允许处理器在Bean实例化前后进行一些处理,顺着这个思路我们回到 Spring源码学习【四】依赖注入过程 (2)createBean 中,在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中我们可以发现如下代码:
public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFactory implements AutowireCapableBeanFactory {
...
/**
* 创建Bean
*/
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
...
try {
// 允许在实例化前进行处理
// 如果返回值不为空,表示配置了后置处理器,并且修改了bean
// 则返回一个代理,而不是bean实例
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
...
}
}
在这里,我们发现官方注释很明确的指出:这里可能会对Bean进行修改,并返回一个修改后的代理对象。顺着这个思路,我们深入到这个方法的实现中,代码如下:
public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFactory implements AutowireCapableBeanFactory {
...
/**
* Bean实例化前的处理
*/
@Nullable
protected Object resolveBeforeInstantiation(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
Object bean = null;
if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) {
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);
if (targetType != null) {
// 调用before实例化后置处理器
bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);
if (bean != null) {
// 调用after初始化后置处理器
bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
}
mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != null);
}
// 返回Bean对象,若为null则表示未进行Bean修改,否则表示对Bean进行了修改
return bean;
}
/**
* 调用before实例化后置处理器
*/
@Nullable
protected Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
Object result = ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 调用after初始化后置处理器
*/
@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
Object result = existingBean;
for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
Object current = beanProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
if (current == null) {
return result;
}
result = current;
}
return result;
}
}
在上面的代码中我们发现最终调用了BeanPostProcessor接口的相关方法,我们以接口的实现类AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator为例看看后置处理器的实现,首先来看一下AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的类继承图(省略了部分接口):
从图中可以看到AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator间接实现了BeanPostProcessor接口,接口方法的实现在其父类AbstractAutoProxyCreator中,如下所示:
public abstract class AbstractAutoProxyCreator extends ProxyProcessorSupport implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
...
/**
* before实例化后置处理器
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(beanClass, beanName);
// 跳过无需代理的场景,返回null则表示未对bean进行修改
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) || !this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {
if (this.advisedBeans.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
return null;
}
if (isInfrastructureClass(beanClass) || shouldSkip(beanClass, beanName)) {
this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
return null;
}
}
// 对bean进行增强,创建代理,返回代理对象,阻止后续bean的默认实例化行为
TargetSource targetSource = getCustomTargetSource(beanClass, beanName);
if (targetSource != null) {
if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName)) {
this.targetSourcedBeans.add(beanName);
}
// 获取通知数组
Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(beanClass, beanName, targetSource);
// 创建代理
Object proxy = createProxy(beanClass, beanName, specificInterceptors, targetSource);
this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
return proxy;
}
return null;
}
/**
* after初始化后置处理器
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean != null) {
Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);
if (!this.earlyProxyReferences.contains(cacheKey)) {
return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);
}
}
return bean;
}
protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {
// 处理不需要生成代理的情况
if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {
return bean;
}
if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {
return bean;
}
if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {
this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
return bean;
}
// 获取通知数组
Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);
if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {
this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);
// 创建代理
Object proxy = createProxy(bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));
this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
return proxy;
}
this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
return bean;
}
/**
* 创建代理
*/
protected Object createProxy(Class<?> beanClass, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {
if (this.beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) this.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);
}
// 代理工厂,提供了非配置方式的编程式使用方式
ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);
// proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass() 默认为false
if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {
// 是否代理目标类,也就是对<aop:config>节点的proxy-target-class属性进行判断
// 为true时表示通过CGLIB进行代理
if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {
proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);
}
// 为false时表示通过JDK进行代理,需要实现接口
else {
evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);
}
}
// 创建通知数组
Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);
proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);
proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);
customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);
proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);
if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {
proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);
}
// 创建并返回代理对象
// 根据配置或由Spring自动决定使用JDK或CGLIB方式生成代理对象
// 最终实现在DefaultAopProxyFactory类中
return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());
}
}
这段代码返回了一个代理对象,从而阻止了Bean默认的实例化操作,代理对象的创建由ProxyFactory完成,下面让我们来看一看ProxyFactory的具体实现,代码如下:
public class ProxyFactory extends ProxyCreatorSupport {
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
// 这里的createAopProxy()方法定义在父类ProxyCreatorSupport中
return createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);
}
}
ProxyCreatorSupport代码如下:
public class ProxyCreatorSupport extends AdvisedSupport {
protected final synchronized AopProxy createAopProxy() {
if (!this.active) {
activate();
}
// 这里的getAopProxyFactory默认返回一个DefaultAopProxyFactory对象
return getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(this);
}
}
DefaultAopProxyFactory代码如下:
public class DefaultAopProxyFactory implements AopProxyFactory, Serializable {
/**
* 根据配置或由Spring自动优化决定使用JDK动态代理还是CGLIB生成代理对象
*/
@Override
public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {
Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
if (targetClass == null) {
throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " + "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
}
if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
}
return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config);
}
else {
return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
}
}
}
从上面的代理中可以看到,最终调用了JdkDynamicAopProxy或ObjnesisCglibAopProxy的getProxy方法获得了一个代理对象,这里以JdkDynamicAopProxy为例看一看具体实现:
final class JdkDynamicAopProxy implements AopProxy, InvocationHandler, Serializable {
@Override
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating JDK dynamic proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
}
Class<?>[] proxiedInterfaces = AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised, true);
findDefinedEqualsAndHashCodeMethods(proxiedInterfaces);
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this);
}
}
可以看到最终通过Java的反射机制创建了代理对象并返回给了用户,至此AOP代理对象的创建过程就完成了。
三、特别说明
对BeanDefinition解析比较了解的同学可能记得解析工作是委托给BeanDefinitionParserDelegate完成的,在这个类的parseCustomElement方法中,会根据<>元素标签的命名空间取得相应的NamespaceHandler,并通过Handler的parse方法来解析元素,比如对于<aop:config>标签,则会使用AopNamespaceHandler进行解析,这里可以参考Spring源码学习【二】IOC容器的初始化(二)BeanDefinition载入
在AopNamespaceHanlder中定义了一系列的BeanDefinitionParser,当解析<aop:config>时,会调用ConfigBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法,在这个方法中有如下代码:
configureAutoProxyCreator(parserContext, element);
private void configureAutoProxyCreator(ParserContext parserContext, Element element) {
AopNamespaceUtils.registerAspectJAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);
}
这部分代码表示Spring默认提供了一个AspectJ的代理生成器,这就是为什么上文中以AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator为例分析代理对象的生成过程。
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