How To Install Nginx on Ubuntu 16.04

原英文链接

本文就简：

Step 1: Install Nginx

首先请保证你的apt源的完整性以及速度

Nginx is available in Ubuntu’s default repositories, so the installation is rather straight forward.（因为Nginx能够在Ubuntu的仓库中找到，所以安装过程就很直接了）

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

Step 2: Adjust the Firewall

We can list the applications configurations that ufw knows how to work with by typing（键入以下命令就能得到一个应用列表，这个列表中的应用是ufw知道如何自配的）

sudo ufw app list

You should get a listing of the application profiles:

Output

Available applications:
  Nginx Full
  Nginx HTTP
  Nginx HTTPS
  OpenSSH

As you can see, there are three profiles available for Nginx（对于NGINX来说我们有三种模式可供选择）

Nginx Full: This profile opens both port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic) and port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
Nginx HTTP: This profile opens only port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic)
Nginx HTTPS: This profile opens only port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)

You can enable this by typing:

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'#或者选择Full也行

Step 3: Check your Web Server

e can check with the systemd init system to make sure the service is running by typing:

systemctl status nginx

[email protected]:~/.jupyter$ cat /var/www/html/index.html 
<h1>gooooooooooooooooooood!</h1>
[email protected]:~/.jupyter$ curl localhost
<h1>gooooooooooooooooooood!</h1>
[email protected]:~/.jupyter$ 

Step 4: Manage the Nginx Process（管理NGINX程序）

To stop your web server, you can type:

sudo systemctl stop nginx

To start the web server when it is stopped, type:

sudo systemctl start nginx

To stop and then start the service again, type:

sudo systemctl restart nginx

If you are simply making configuration changes, Nginx can often reload without dropping connections. To do this, this command can be used:

sudo systemctl reload nginx

By default, Nginx is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not what you want, you can disable this behavior by typing:

sudo systemctl disable nginx

To re-enable the service to start up at boot, you can type:

sudo systemctl enable nginx

Step 5: Get Familiar with Important Nginx Files and Directories（熟悉NGINX的重要配置文件以及网站目录）

Content（网站内容）

• /var/www/html: The actual web content, which by default only consists of the default Nginx page you saw earlier, is served out of the /var/www/html directory. This can be changed by altering Nginx configuration files.

Server Configuration（服务器配置）

• /etc/nginx: The Nginx configuration directory. All of the Nginx configuration files reside here.
• /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: The main Nginx configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Nginx global configuration.
• /etc/nginx/sites-available/: The directory where per-site “server blocks” can be stored. Nginx will not use the configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to the sites-enabled directory (see below). Typically, all server block configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory.
• /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/: The directory where enabled per-site “server blocks” are stored. Typically, these are created by linking to configuration files found in the sites-available directory.
• /etc/nginx/snippets: This directory contains configuration fragments that can be included elsewhere in the Nginx configuration. Potentially repeatable configuration segments are good candidates for refactoring into snippets.

Server Logs（服务器日志）

• /var/log/nginx/access.log: Every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Nginx is configured to do otherwise.
• /var/log/nginx/error.log: Any Nginx errors will be recorded in this log.