安装完成后如何找回SQL Server实例安装时的序列号
当需要再次安装sql server时,如果序列号找不到了,可以试着从已经安装的实例里找回序列号,因为安装完sql server后,序列号(product key)被保存在注册表里;
msdn订阅下载的安装包是内置序列号的,则没有这个困扰。
一. 序列号保存在哪
通过无文档记载的扩展存储过程xp_regread读取注册表:
--for sql server 2008, 2008 r2 use master go exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\100\tools\setup','productcode' exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\100\tools\setup','digitalproductid' go --for sql server 2012 use master go exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\110\tools\setup','productcode' exec xp_regread 'hkey_local_machine','software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\110\tools\setup','digitalproductid' go
不要被productcode迷惑,就算只安装了sql server客户端,注册表里也会有这个键值,并不是序列号,digitalproductid才是,但经过了base24编码,需要解码才行。
可以看到,对于不同版本,注册表的路径不一样,但是键是一致的。
express版是免费的,没有序列号,从而注册表也没digitalproductid这个键。
二. 如何解码序列号
1. base24, base64 编码简介
可能很多人听说过base64编码,它用于对比较长的字符串进行编码,以方便传输;
base24编码主要应用在序列号生成上,两者的实现思路是类似的,只是编码的模式有点变化。
base64所对应的编码表是:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=
共计64个字符。
base24所对应的编码表是:
bcdfghjkmpqrtvwxy2346789
共计24个字符,这里主要去掉了一些对于序列号来说不容易识别和容易混淆的字符。
sql server的序列号采用的是base24编码,对编码后的字符进行解码,即可以得到原文。
编码/解码并不是加密/解密,没有秘钥的说法,只有字符转换的规则,base24, base64详细的算法可以在网上找到。
2. 利用powershell 解码
以下powershell函数用于解码/找回sql server序列号,在sql server 2008, 2008 r2实例上测试通过:
function get-sqlserverkey { ## function to retrieve the license key of a sql 2008 server. param ($targets = ".") $hklm = 2147483650 $regpath = "software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\100\tools\setup" $regvalue1 = "digitalproductid" $regvalue2 = "patchlevel" $regvalue3 = "edition" foreach ($target in $targets) { $productkey = $null $win32os = $null $wmi = [wmiclass]"\\$target\root\default:stdregprov" $data = $wmi.getbinaryvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue1) [string]$sqlver = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue2).svalue [string]$sqledition = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue3).svalue $binarray = ($data.uvalue)[52..66] $charsarray = "b","c","d","f","g","h","j","k","m","p","q","r","t","v","w","x","y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9" ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) { $k = 0 for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) { $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binarray[$j] $binarray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24) $k = $k % 24 } $productkey = $charsarray[$k] + $productkey if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) { $productkey = "-" + $productkey } } $win32os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem -computer $target $obj = new-object object $obj | add-member noteproperty computer -value $target $obj | add-member noteproperty oscaption -value $win32os.caption $obj | add-member noteproperty osarch -value $win32os.osarchitecture $obj | add-member noteproperty sqlver -value $sqlver $obj | add-member noteproperty sqledition -value $sqledition $obj | add-member noteproperty productkey -value $productkey $obj } }
sql server 2012序列号里字符的格式发生了变化,$binarray = ($data.uvalue)[0..16] 不同于sql server 2008的$binarray = ($data.uvalue)[52..66],同时别忘了改下注册表路径$regpath = "software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\110\tools\setup",修改后如下,在sql server 2012实例上测试通过:
function get-sqlserverkey { ## function to retrieve the license key of a sql 2012 server. ## by jakob bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk) ## 2012 modification by xian wang (daanno2@gmail.com) param ($targets = ".") $hklm = 2147483650 $regpath = "software\microsoft\microsoft sql server\110\tools\setup" $regvalue1 = "digitalproductid" $regvalue2 = "patchlevel" $regvalue3 = "edition" foreach ($target in $targets) { $productkey = $null $win32os = $null $wmi = [wmiclass]"\\$target\root\default:stdregprov" $data = $wmi.getbinaryvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue1) [string]$sqlver = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue2).svalue [string]$sqledition = $wmi.getstringvalue($hklm,$regpath,$regvalue3).svalue $binarray = ($data.uvalue)[0..16] $charsarray = "b","c","d","f","g","h","j","k","m","p","q","r","t","v","w","x","y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9" ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) { $k = 0 for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) { $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binarray[$j] $binarray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24) $k = $k % 24 } $productkey = $charsarray[$k] + $productkey if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) { $productkey = "-" + $productkey } } $win32os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem -computer $target $obj = new-object object $obj | add-member noteproperty computer -value $target $obj | add-member noteproperty oscaption -value $win32os.caption $obj | add-member noteproperty osarch -value $win32os.osarchitecture $obj | add-member noteproperty sqlver -value $sqlver $obj | add-member noteproperty sqledition -value $sqledition $obj | add-member noteproperty productkey -value $productkey $obj } }
3. 调用powershell函数并输出序列号
打开powershell,把上面的函数贴进去,回车,输入get-sqlserverkey 并回车;
或者把上面的函数存为.ps1文件直接引用:
ps c:\windows\system32> . c:\users\username\desktop\pk.ps1 ps c:\windows\system32> get-sqlserverkey
输出结果如下,首尾几个字符被人为改成星号,没有贴出来。
computer : . oscaption : microsoft windows server 2012 r2 standard osarch : 64-bit sqlver : 11.2.5058.0 sqledition : developer edition productkey : *****-g8t4r-qw4xx-bvh62-*****
对于sql server 2000, 2005,由于手头没有环境,没有测试;对于office,windows系统,应该也都可以通过类似的方式拿到序列号。
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