Python模块——PrettyTable 模块

简介

PrettyTable 是python中的一个第三方库，可用来生成美观的ASCII格式的表格，十分实用。

安装

pip install prettytable

示例

从已有文件创建

CSV

from prettytable import from_csv 
fp = open("mytable.csv", "r") 
pt = from_csv(fp) 
fp.close()

HTML

from prettytable import from_html 
pts = from_html(html_string)

SQL

from prettytable import from_db_cursor 
db_cur.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable") 
pt = from_db_cursor(db_cur)

按行添加数据

##按行添加数据
tb = pt.PrettyTable()
tb.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population"]  # 字段名
tb.add_row(["A1",125, 1158259])  # 增加行
tb.add_row(["B1",595, 1857594])
tb.add_row(["C1", 12, 120900])
tb.add_row(["D1", 135, 205556])

print(tb)

 

结果

+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+

　　

按列添加数据

## 按列添加数据
tb.add_column('index',[1,2,3,4])
print(tb)

 输出结果

+-----------+------+------------+-------+
| City name | Area | Population | index |
+-----------+------+------------+-------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |   1   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |   2   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |   3   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |   4   |
+-----------+------+------------+-------+

　

使用不同的输出风格

## 使用不同的输出风格
tb.set_style(pt.MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print('--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----')
print(tb)

tb.set_style(pt.PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print('--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----')
print(tb)

## 随机风格，每次不同
tb.set_style(pt.RANDOM)
print('--- style：RANDOM-----')
print(tb)

tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
print('--- style：DEFAULT -----')
print(tb)

 输出结果

--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----
| City name | Area | Population |
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----
City name        Area        Population        
    A1           125          1158259          
    B1           595          1857594          
    C1            12           120900          
    D1           135           205556          
--- style：RANDOM-----
      City name          Area          Population     
          A1             125            1158259       
          B1             595            1857594       
          C1              12             120900       
          D1             135             205556       
--- style：DEFAULT -----
+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+

 

# 不打印，获取表格字符串
s = tb.get_string()
print(s)

# 写入到文件
with open('1.txt', 'a+') as f:
    f.write(tb.get_string())

# 可以只获取指定列或行
s = tb.get_string(fields=["City name", "Population"],start=1,end=4)
print(s)

　输出结果

+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+
+-----------+------------+
| City name | Population |
+-----------+------------+
|     B1    |  1857594   |
|     C1    |   120900   |
|     D1    |   205556   |
+-----------+------------+

　　

 

自定义表格输出样式

## 自定义表格输出样式
### 设定左对齐
tb.align = 'l'
### 设定数字输出格式
tb.float_format = "2.2"
### 设定边框连接符为'*"
tb.junction_char = "*"
### 设定排序列
tb.sortby = "Population"
### 设定排序方式
tb.reversesort=True
### 设定左侧不填充空白字符
tb.left_padding_width = 0
print(tb)

输出结果

 

*----------*-----*-----------*
|City name |Area |Population |
*----------*-----*-----------*
|B1        |595  |1857594    |
|C1        |12   |120900     |
|A1        |125  |115825.90  |
|D1        |135  |20555.60   |
*----------*-----*-----------*

　　

 

## 不显示边框
tb.border = 0
print(tb)

## 修改边框分隔符
tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
tb.horizontal_char = '+'
print(tb)

 

输出结果

 

City name Area Population 
B1        595  1857594    
C1        12   120900     
A1        125  115825.90  
D1        135  20555.60   
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| City name | Area | Population |
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| B1        | 595  | 1857594    |
| C1        | 12   | 120900     |
| A1        | 125  | 115825.90  |
| D1        | 135  | 20555.60   |
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

#prettytable也支持输出HTML代码
s = tb.get_html_string() print(s)

输出结果

 

<table>
    <tr>
        <th>City name</th>
        <th>Area</th>
        <th>Population</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>B1</td>
        <td>595</td>
        <td>1857594</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>C1</td>
        <td>12</td>
        <td>120900</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>A1</td>
        <td>125</td>
        <td>115825.90</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>D1</td>
        <td>135</td>
        <td>20555.60</td>
    </tr>
</table>

　　

手动控制样式

可调整选项

摘自prettytable文档

• border - 布尔类型参数（必须是True或False）。控制表格边框是否显示。
• header - 布尔类型参数（必须是True或False）。控制表格第一行是否作为表头显示。
• header-style - 控制表头信息的大小写。允许的参数值：“cap”（每个单词首字母大写），“title”（除了介词助词首字母大写），“lower”（全部小写）或者None（不改变原内容格式）。默认参数为None。
• hrules - 设置表格内部水平边线。允许的参数值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。注意这些是在prettytable模块内部定义的变量，在使用之前导入或用类似prettytable.FRAME的方法调用。
• vrules - 设置表格内部竖直边线。允许的参数值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。
• align - 水平对齐方式（None，“l”（左对齐），“c”（居中），“r”右对齐）
• valign - 垂直对齐方式（None，“t”（顶部对齐），“m”（居中），“b”底部对齐）
• int_format - 控制整型数据的格式。
• float_format - 控制浮点型数据的格式。
• padding_width - 列数据左右的空格数量。（当左右padding未设置时生效）
• left_padding_width - 列数据左侧的空格数量。
• right_padding_width - 列数据右侧的空格数量。
• vertical_char - 绘制竖直边线的字符，默认为“|”
• horizontal_char - 绘制水平边线的字符，默认为“-”
• junction_char - 绘制水平竖直交汇点的字符，默认为“+”

用法

# 1
x = PrettyTable()
x.border = False
x.header = False
x.padding_width = 5

# 2
x = PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, padding_width=5)

# 1
print(x.get_string(align="l"))

# 2
x.align["City name"] = "l"
x.align["Population"] = "c"
x.align["Area"] = "r"

# 3
x.align="l"

　　

案例：从数据库提取数据

Oracle_utils.py

# 用于以清晰、可读的形式输出 Python 数据结构
from sys import modules
import sys
import os
import cx_Oracle
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入环境变量

from utils import settings
from utils import my_logset
from utils.Time_utils import run_time

"""
通过PooledDB连接Oracle，并完成常用一些操作
"""


class Ora_util(object):

    __pool = None  # 连接池对象
    _db_info = {
        'user': settings.DB_USER,
        'pwd': settings.DB_PASSWORD,
        'dsn': settings.DB_SID
    }

    def __init__(self, db_info=_db_info, arraysize=500):
        # 日志
        self.db_log = my_logset.get_mylogger("oradb_access")
        self.db_info = db_info
        self.conn = Ora_util.__getConn(db_info)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        # 每次从数据库向Python的缓存返回arraysize=100条记录
        self.cursor.arraysize = arraysize

    @staticmethod
    def __getConn(db_info):
        # 静态方法，从连接池中取出连接
        if Ora_util.__pool is None:
            __pool = PooledDB(cx_Oracle,
                              user=db_info['user'],
                              password=db_info['pwd'],
                              dsn=db_info['dsn'],
                              mincached=20,
                              maxcached=50)
        return __pool.connection()
     # 执行sql
    @run_time
    def execute(self, sql, args={}):
        try:
            self.db_log.debug('execute sql: {}'.format(sql))
            return self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
        except Exception as e:
            self.close()
            raise e
      # oracle的参数名必须使用:代替，如 userid = :userid
    def insertOne(self, table, column_dict):
        column_dict = self.create_params(table, column_dict)
        keys = ','.join(column_dict.keys())
        values = column_dict.values()
        placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in column_dict.keys()])
        ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES (%(placeholder)s)'
        # print(ins_sql % locals())
        self.execute(ins_sql % locals(), column_dict)

    # 获取序列的下一个值，传入sequence的名称
    def nextval(self, seq):
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT %(seq)s.nextval from dual " % locals())
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()
        return result[0][0]

    # 批量插入数据库，参数一：表名，参数二：['字段1','字段2',...],参数二：[('值1','值2',...),('值1','值2',...)]
    def insertMany(self, table, columns=[], values=[]):
        keys = ','.join(columns)
        placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in columns])
        ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES(%(placeholder)s)'
        self.executemany(ins_sql % locals(), values)
        return self._get_rows_num()

　　

test.py

import os
import sys
from sys import modules
from prettytable import PrettyTable

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入环境变量

from utils.Oracle_utils import Ora_util


if __name__ == '__main__':

    ora = Ora_util()
    ora.execute("DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE")
    create_table = """
        CREATE TABLE python_modules (
        module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
        file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
        t_id INT NOT NULL
        )
        """
    # 执行创建表
    create_flag = ora.execute(create_table)

    # 得到表所有列
    print(ora.get_columns('python_modules'))

    # 添加模块信息
    M = []
    count = 1
    for m_name, m_info in modules.items():
        try:
            M.append((m_name, m_info.__file__, count))
            count += 1
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    print(len(M))

    print(ora.insertMany('python_modules',['module_name', 'file_path','t_id'],M))
    ora.commit()

    from prettytable import from_db_cursor

    tb = from_db_cursor(ora.execute('select * from python_modules'))
    ### 设定左对齐
    tb.align = 'l'
    ### 设定T_ID右对齐
    tb.align["T_ID"]="r"
    ### 设定数字输出格式
    tb.float_format = "2.2"
    ### 设定边框连接符为'*"
    tb.junction_char = "*"
    ### 设定排序列
    tb.sortby = "T_ID"
    ### 设定排序方式
    tb.reversesort = True
    ### 设定左侧不填充空白字符
    tb.left_padding_width = 0

    print(tb)

　　

　　

输出结果

[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE 
[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.1400 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: 
        CREATE TABLE python_modules (
        module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
        file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
        t_id INT NOT NULL
        )
         
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0620 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select lower(column_name) column_name         from user_tab_columns where table_name=upper('python_modules') 
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0030 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - executemany- 139 ] executemany sql:INSERT INTO python_modules (module_name,file_path,t_id) VALUES(:module_name,:file_path,:t_id) 
['module_name', 'file_path', 't_id']
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func executemany run     0.0650 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select * from python_modules 
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0090 s  
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|MODULE_NAME                   |FILE_PATH                                                                |T_ID |
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|utils.Time_utils              |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Time_utils.py          |  87 |
|queue                         |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\queue.py                                   |  86 |
|_compat_pickle                |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_compat_pickle.py                          |  85 |
|struct                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\struct.py                                  |  84 |
|pickle                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\pickle.py                                  |  83 |
|select                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\select.pyd                                |  82 |
|selectors                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\selectors.py                               |  81 |
|_socket                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_socket.pyd                               |  80 |
|socket                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\socket.py                                  |  79 |
|logging.handlers              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\handlers.py                        |  78 |
|string                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\string.py                                  |  77 |
|logging                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\__init__.py                        |  76 |
|utils.my_logset               |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\my_logset.py           |  75 |
|utils.settings                |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\settings.py            |  74 |
|DBUtils.SteadyDB              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\SteadyDB.py          |  73 |
|token                         |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\token.py                                   |  72 |
|tokenize                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\tokenize.py                                |  71 |
|linecache                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\linecache.py                               |  70 |
|traceback                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\traceback.py                               |  69 |
|threading                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\threading.py                               |  68 |
|DBUtils.PooledDB              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\PooledDB.py          |  67 |
|DBUtils                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\__init__.py          |  66 |
|cx_Oracle                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\cx_Oracle.cp36-win_amd64.pyd |  65 |
|_decimal                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_decimal.pyd                              |  64 |
|numbers                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\numbers.py                                 |  63 |
|decimal                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\decimal.py                                 |  62 |
|datetime                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\datetime.py                                |  61 |
|utils.Oracle_utils            |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Oracle_utils.py        |  60 |
|_markupbase                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_markupbase.py                             |  59 |
|html.parser                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\parser.py                             |  58 |
|html.entities                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\entities.py                           |  57 |
|html                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\__init__.py                           |  56 |
|unicodedata                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\unicodedata.pyd                           |  55 |
|textwrap                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\textwrap.py                                |  54 |
|bisect                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\bisect.py                                  |  53 |
|_hashlib                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_hashlib.pyd                              |  52 |
|hashlib                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\hashlib.py                                 |  51 |
|random                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\random.py                                  |  50 |
|sre_constants                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_constants.py                           |  49 |
|sre_parse                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_parse.py                               |  48 |
|sre_compile                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_compile.py                             |  47 |
|enum                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\enum.py                                    |  46 |
|re                            |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\re.py                                      |  45 |
|csv                           |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\csv.py                                     |  44 |
|copyreg                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copyreg.py                                 |  43 |
|copy                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copy.py                                    |  42 |
|prettytable                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\prettytable.py               |  41 |
|encodings.cp437               |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\encodings\cp437.py                         |  40 |
|contextlib                    |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\contextlib.py                              |  39 |
|importlib.machinery           |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\machinery.py                     |  38 |
|importlib.abc                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\abc.py                           |  37 |

 

参考资料

• • prettytable 文档 
    使用方法从文档摘取过来的 更多用法请直接参考文档
  • python之PrettyTable模块
  • Python prettytable.PrettyTable Examples 
  • Python PrettyTable 模块
  • python实用库：PrettyTable 学习