只需三步即可将 Python 程序转换成 exe 文件
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2022-07-07 09:08:47
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只需三步即可将 Python 程序转换成 exe 文件
用pyinstaller可以将.py文件转换成.exe格式，让你的程序在没有安装python环境的windows上运行。
一、在cmd命令行执行安装pyinstaller工具
pip install pyinstaller
二、下载安装pyinstaler运行时所需windows扩展：pywin32
mhammond/pywin32
https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32/releases
选择最新版的下载，注意选择与python版本和位数对应的
如32位python3.7.4对应下载：【pywin32-223.win32-py3.7.exe】
如64位python3.7.4对应下载：【pywin32-223.win-amd64-py3.7.exe】
三、在命令行中执行打包命令即可
格式如下：
pyinstaller [opts] yourprogram.py
参数含义
-F 指定打包后只生成一个exe格式的文件(建议写上这个参数)
-D –onedir 创建一个目录，包含exe文件，但会依赖很多文件（默认选项）
-c –console, –nowindowed 使用控制台，*面(默认)
-w –windowed, –noconsole 使用窗口，无控制台
-p 添加搜索路径，让其找到对应的库。
-i 改变生成程序的icon图标
例1.指定文件路径打包：pyinstaller -F D:\project\tanchishe.py
例2.不带窗口，后台运行打包：pyinstaller -F -w D:\project\tanchishe.py
例3.更换程序图标打包：pyinstaller -F -w -i D:\project\test.ico D:\project\tanchishe.py
这里咱们执行开始打包：
(venv) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe>pyinstaller -F tanchishe.py
四、打包结果如下：
五、运行打包好的程序
六、报错处理：
- 执行Pyinstaller 打包的exe文件执行报错如下（我用的Python版本为：python3.7.5）：
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18363.778]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\www_9>C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\dist\tanchishe.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_pkgres.py", line 13, in <module>
File "c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 623, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 86, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pkg_resources.py2_warn'
[30844] Failed to execute script pyi_rth_pkgres
C:\Users\www_9>
- 解决办法（卸载高版本setuptools ，然后安装setuptools44.0）：
- 卸载高版本：pip uninstall setuptools
(venv) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe>pip uninstall setuptools
Found existing installation: setuptools 46.1.3
Uninstalling setuptools-46.1.3:
Would remove:
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\easy_install.py
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\*
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-46.1.3.dist-info\*
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\setuptools\*
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\scripts\easy_install-3.7.exe
c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\scripts\easy_install.exe
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled setuptools-46.1.3
- 安装低版本： pip install setuptools==44.0.0
(venv) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe>pip install setuptools==44.0.0
Collecting setuptools==44.0.0
Downloading setuptools-44.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (583 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 583 kB 26 kB/s
Installing collected packages: setuptools
Successfully installed setuptools-44.0.0
- 重新打包程序：>pyinstaller -F tanchishe.py
(venv) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe>pyinstaller -F tanchishe.py
97 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6
98 INFO: Python: 3.7.5
98 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
100 INFO: wrote C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\tanchishe.spec
118 INFO: UPX is not available.
120 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\www_9\\PycharmProjects\\python-tanchishe',
'C:\\Users\\www_9\\PycharmProjects\\python-tanchishe']
120 INFO: checking Analysis
125 INFO: Building because c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py changed
125 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
131 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
138 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
3643 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
3794 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
3800 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
required by c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\scripts\python.exe
3824 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\tanchishe.py
4200 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils
4201 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\Shared\\Python37_64\\lib'
4264 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site
4265 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'c:\\users\\www_9\\pycharmprojects\\python-tanchishe\\venv\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
5648 INFO: Processing module hooks...
5648 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
5651 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
5860 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...
6338 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'
6464 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32com'
6790 INFO: Excluding import '__main__'
6792 INFO: Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources
6792 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
6794 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pygame.py"...
6795 WARNING: Hidden import "pygame._view" not found!
6795 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...
6798 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
6799 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py"...
6800 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
6827 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
6842 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
6848 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
6853 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
8980 INFO: Looking for eggs
8980 INFO: Using Python library C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\python37.dll
8981 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
8985 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\build\tanchishe\warn-tanchishe.txt
9035 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\build\tanchishe\xref-tanchishe.html
9054 INFO: checking PYZ
9056 INFO: Building because toc changed
9057 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\build\tanchishe\PYZ-00.pyz
9922 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\build\tanchishe\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
9943 INFO: checking PKG
9946 INFO: Building because toc changed
9946 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
12773 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
12779 INFO: Bootloader c:\users\www_9\pycharmprojects\python-tanchishe\venv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe
12780 INFO: checking EXE
12783 INFO: Building because toc changed
12783 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
12786 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\dist\tanchishe.exe
12796 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
(venv) C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe>
- 然后运行编译所生成的exe文件
C:\Users\www_9>C:\Users\www_9\PycharmProjects\python-tanchishe\dist\tanchishe.exe
pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
C:\Users\www_9>
- tanchishe.exe可以正常运行了
- 可参考资料：搜索收集的相关知识页面，这里记录下来，方便日后参考：
打包教程：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/38659588
Pyinstaller No module named pkg_resources.py2_warn：
https://blog.51cto.com/cfy10/2468597?source=dra
pyInstaller打包完成以后运行程序时出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pkg_resources.py2_warn：
https://blog.csdn.net/BINGYiii/article/details/104193180
windows下安装setuptools与pip:
https://www.cnblogs.com/longronglang/p/10443625.html
下载不同版本 settools 不同版本地址：
https://pypi.Python.org/pypi/setuptools
setuptools 44.0版本地址：
https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/44.0.0/