个人银行账户管理程序

  这个程序是一个银行账户管理的程序，是用C++来实现程序功能的，该程序包含六个文件，其中有date.h头文件

是日期类的头文件，date.cpp是日期类的实现文件，accumulator.h是按日将数值累加的accumulator类的头文件，

account.h是各个储蓄账户类定义的头文件，account.cpp是各个储蓄账户类的实现文件，还有就是主函数文件。该

程序包含了增加账户功能、存款功能、取款功能、查询账户信息功能、改变日期功能、进入下个月的处理功能，最

后是退出程序。下面是各个程序文件：

 1.date.h日期类的头文件

#ifndef _DATE_H
#define _DATE_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
public:
    Date(int year = 1,int month = 1,int day = 1);
    int getYear()const
    {
        return year;
    }
    int getMonth()const
    {
        return month;
    }
    int getDay()const
    {
        return day;
    }
    int getMaxDay()const;        //获得当月有多少天
    bool isLeapYear() const      //判断当年是否为闰年
    {
        return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 && year % 400 == 0;
    }
    void show()const;        //输出当前日期
    int operator-(const Date &date)const      //计算两个日期之间差多少天
    {
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;
    }
    bool operator<(const Date &date)const     //判断两个日期的前后顺序
    {
        return totalDays < date.totalDays;
    }
private:
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
    int totalDays;       //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
};
istream& operator >> (istream &in, Date &date);
ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const Date &date);

#endif

 2.date.cpp日期类实现的文件

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "date.h"
using namespace std;

namespace      //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
{
    //存储平年中的某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
    const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day):year(year),month(month),day(day)
{
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay())throw runtime_error("Invalid date");
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)
        totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay()const
{
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
        return 29;
    else
        return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show()const
{
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
istream& operator >> (istream &in, Date &date)
{
    int year, month, day;
    char c1, c2;
    in >> year >> c1 >> month >> c2 >> day;
    if (c1 != '-' || c2 != '-')
        throw runtime_error("Bad time format");
    date = Date(year, month, day);
    return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Date &date)
{
    out << date.getYear() << "-" << date.getMonth() << "-" << date.getDay();
    return out;
}

 3.accumulator.h按日将数值累加的头文件

#ifndef _ACCUMULATOR_H
#define _ACCUMULATOR_H
#include "date.h"
class Accumulator            //将某个数值按日累加
{
public:
    //date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
    Accumulator(const Date &date, double value):lastDate(date),value(value),sum(0)
    {
    }
    double getSum(const Date &date)const
    {
        return sum + value*(date - lastDate);
    }
    //在date将数值变更为value
    void change(const Date &date, double value)
    {
        sum = getSum(date);
        lastDate = date;
        this->value = value;
    }
    //初始化，将日期变为date,数值变为value,累加器清零
    void reset(const Date &date, double value)
    {
        lastDate = date;
        this->value = value;
        sum = 0;
    }
private:
    Date lastDate;           //上次变更数值的时期
    double value;            //数值的当前值
    double sum;              //数值按日累加之和
};

#endif

 4.account.h各个储蓄账户类定义的头文件

#ifndef _ACCOUNT_H
#define _ACCOUNT_H
#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <istream>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;

class Account;
class AccountRecord        //账目记录
{
public:
    AccountRecord(const Date &date, const Account* account, double amount, double balance, const string &desc);
    void show()const;          //输出当前记录
private:
    Date date;                 //日期
    const Account* account;    //账户
    double amount;             //金额
    double balance;            //余额
    string desc;               //描述
};

typedef multimap<Date, AccountRecord> RecordMap;
//账户类
class Account
{
public:
    const string& getId()const
    {
        return id;
    }
    double getBalance()const
    {
        return balance;
    }
    static double getTotal()
    {
        return total;
    }
    //存入现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
    virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) = 0;
    //取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
    virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) = 0;
    //结算，每月结算一次，date为结算日期
    virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
    //显示账户信息
    virtual void show(ostream &out)const;
    //查询指定时间内的账目记录
    static void query(const Date &begin, const Date &end);
protected:
    //供派生类调用的构造函数
    Account(const Date &date, const string &id);
    //记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
    void record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
    //报告错误信息
    void error(const string &msg)const;
private:
    string id;              //账户
    double balance;         //余额
    static double total;    //所有账户的总金额
    static RecordMap recordMap;    //账目记录
};
inline ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Account &account)
{
    account.show(out);
    return out;
}

class SavingAccount :public Account         //储蓄账户类
{
public:
    SavingAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate);
    double getRate()const
    {
        return rate;
    }
    //存入现金
    void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
    //取出现金
    void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
    //结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
    void settle(const Date &date);      
private:
    Accumulator acc;           //辅助计算利息的累加器
    double rate;               //存款的年利率
};

class CreditAccount :public Account        //信用账户类
{
public:
    CreditAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
    double getCredit()const
    {
        return credit;
    }
    double getRate()const
    {
        return rate;
    }
    double getFee()const
    {
        return fee;
    }
    double getAvailableCredit()const            //获得可用信用额度
    {
        if (getBalance() < 0)
            return credit + getBalance();
        else
            return credit;
    }
    //存入现金
    void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
    //取出现金
    void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc);
    //结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
    void settle(const Date &date);
    virtual void show(ostream &out)const;
private:
    Accumulator acc;         //辅助计算利息的累加器
    double credit;           //信用额度
    double rate;             //欠款的日利率
    double fee;              //信用卡年费
    double getDebt() const   //获得欠款额
    {
        double balance = getBalance();
        return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
    }
};

class AccountException :public runtime_error
{
public:
    AccountException(const Account* account, const string &msg) :runtime_error(msg), account(account)
    {
    }
    const Account* getAccount()const
    {
        return account;
    }
private:
    const Account* account;
};

#endif

 5.account.cpp各个储蓄账户类的实现文件

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <utility>
#include "account.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace std::rel_ops;

//AccountRecord类的实现
AccountRecord::AccountRecord(const Date &date,const Account* account,double amount,double balance,const string &desc):\
date(date), account(account), amount(amount), balance(balance), desc(desc)
{
}
void AccountRecord::show()const
{
    cout << date << "\t#" << account->getId() << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}

//Account类的实现
double Account::total = 0;
RecordMap Account::recordMap;
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id):id(id),balance(0)
{
    cout << date << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc)
{
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;      //保留小数点后两位
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show(ostream &out)const
{
    out << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg)const
{
    throw AccountException(this, msg);
}
void Account::query(const Date &begin, const Date &end)
{
    if (begin <= end)
    {
        RecordMap::iterator iter1 = recordMap.lower_bound(begin);
        RecordMap::iterator iter2 = recordMap.upper_bound(end);
        for (RecordMap::iterator iter = iter1;iter != iter2;++iter)
            iter->second.show();
    }
}

//CreditAccount类的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date &date,const string &id,double credit,double rate,double fee):\
Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0)
{
}
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc)
{
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc)
{
    if (amount - getBalance() > credit)
    {
        error("not enough credit");
    }
    else
    {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getDebt());
    }
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date)
{
    double interest = acc.getSum(date)*rate;
    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest, "interest");
    if (date.getMonth() == 1)
        record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
    acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show(ostream &out)const
{
    Account::show(out);
    out << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit();
}

//SavingAccount类的实现
SavingAccount::SavingAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0)
{
}
void SavingAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc)
{
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc)
{
    if (amount > getBalance())
    {
        error("not enough money");
    }
    else
    {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getBalance());
    }
}
void SavingAccount::settle(const Date &date)
{
    if (date.getMonth() == 1)        //每年的1月计算一次利息
    {
        double interest = acc.getSum(date)*rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
        if (interest != 0)
            record(date, interest, "interest");
        acc.reset(date, getBalance());
    }
}

 6.主函数文件

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include "account.h"
using namespace std;

struct deleter
{
    template<class T>void operator()(T *p)
    {
        delete p;
    }
};
//控制器类，用来存储账户列表和处理命令
class Controller
{
public:
    Controller(const Date &date) :date(date), end(false)
    {
    }
    ~Controller();
    const Date& getDate()const
    {
        return date;
    }
    bool isEnd()const
    {
        return end;
    }
    //执行一条命令，返回该命令是否改变了当前状态(即是否需要保存当前命令)
    bool runCommand(const string &cmdLine);
private:
    Date date;
    vector<Account*> accounts;       //账户列表
    bool end;                        //用户是否输入了退出命令
};
Controller::~Controller()
{
    for_each(accounts.begin(), accounts.end(), deleter());
}
bool Controller::runCommand(const string &cmdLine)
{
    istringstream str(cmdLine);
    char cmd, type;
    int index, day;
    double amount, credit, rate, fee;
    string id, desc;
    Account* account;
    Date date1, date2;
    str >> cmd;
    switch (cmd)
    {
    case 'a':               //增加账户
        str >> type >> id;
        if (type == 's')
        {
            str >> rate;
            account = new SavingAccount(date, id, rate);
        }
        else
        {
            str >> credit >> rate >> fee;
            account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
        }
        accounts.push_back(account);
        return true;
    case 'd':              //存入现金
        str >> index >> amount;
        getline(str, desc);
        accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
        return true;
    case 'w':              //取出现金
        str >> index >> amount;
        getline(str, desc);
        accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
        return true;
    case 's':              //查询各账户信息
        for (size_t i = 0;i < accounts.size();++i)
        {
            cout << "[" << i << "]";
            accounts[i]->show(cout);
            cout << endl;
        }
        return false;
    case 'c':             //改变日期
        str >> day;
        if (day < date.getDay())
            cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
        else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
            cout << "Invalid day";
        else
            date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
        return true;
    case 'n':               //进入下个月
        if (date.getMonth() == 12)
            date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
        else
            date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
        for (vector<Account*>::iterator iter = accounts.begin();iter != accounts.end();++iter)
            (*iter)->settle(date);
        return true;
    case 'q':             //查询一段时间内的账目
        str >> date1 >> date2;
        Account::query(date1, date2);
        return false;
    case 'e':             //退出
        end = true;
        return false;
    }
    cout << "Invalid command: " << cmdLine << endl;
    return false;
}
int main()
{
    Date date(2018, 1, 1);         //起始日期
    Controller controller(date);
    string cmdLine;
    const char *FILE_NAME = "commands.txt";
    ifstream fileIn(FILE_NAME);      //以读模式打开文件
    if (fileIn)                //如果正常打开，就执行文件中的每一条命令
    {
        while (getline(fileIn, cmdLine))
            controller.runCommand(cmdLine);
        fileIn.close();
    }
    ofstream fileOut(FILE_NAME, ios_base::app);        //以追加模式打开文件
    cout << "(a)add account  (d)deposit  (w)withdraw  (s)show  (c)change day  (n)next month  (q)query  (e)exit" << endl;
    while (!controller.isEnd())        //从标准输入读入命令并执行，直到退出
    {
        cout << controller.getDate() << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand";
        string cmdLine;
        getline(cin, cmdLine);
        if (controller.runCommand(cmdLine))
            fileOut << cmdLine << endl;          //将命令写入文件
    }
    return 0;
}

   最后运行主函数将程序功能实现，可以进行增加账户功能、存款功能、取款功能、查询账户信息功能、改变日期功

能、进入下个月的处理功能将程序进行操作，最后附上一张我操作这些功能的截图。