Nginx访问日志及错误日志参数说明

说明：

nginx日志主要有两种：访问日志、错误日志。其中访问日志记录客户端访问nginx的每一个请求，包含用户地域来源、跳转来源、使用终端、某个url访问量等信息，访问日志格式可以自定义；错误日志则记录客户端访问nginx出错时的日志，格式不支持自定义，通过错误日志，你可以得到系统某个服务或server的性能瓶颈等。两种日志都可以选择性关闭。

访问日志[access.log]

log_format main ‘$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” $http_host ‘
‘$status $upstream_status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $ssl_protocol $ssl_cipher $upstream_addr ‘
‘$request_time $upstream_response_time';

变量名称	变量描述	举例说明
$remote_addr	客户端地址	113.140.15.90
$remote_user	客户端用户名称	–
$time_local	访问时间和时区	18/jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800
$request	请求的uri和http协议	“get /pa/img/home/logo-alipay-t.png http/1.1”
$http_host	请求地址，即浏览器中你输入的地址（ip或域名）	img.alipay.com 10.253.70.103
$status	http请求状态	200
$upstream_status	upstream状态	200
$body_bytes_sent	发送给客户端文件内容大小	547
$http_referer	跳转来源	“https://cashier.alipay.com…/”
$http_user_agent	用户终端代理	“mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 8.0; windows nt 5.1; trident/4.0; sv1; gtb7.0; .net4.0c;
$ssl_protocol	ssl协议版本	tlsv1
$ssl_cipher	交换数据中的算法	rc4-sha
$upstream_addr	后台upstream的地址，即真正提供服务的主机地址	10.228.35.247:80
$request_time	整个请求的总时间	0.205
$upstream_response_time	请求过程中，upstream响应时间	0.002

线上实例：

116.9.137.90 – [02/aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800] “get /images/xx/20100324752729.png http/1.1″img.alipay.com 200 200 2038 https://cashier.alipay.com/xx/paymentresult.htm?payno=xx&outbizno=2012xx “mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 8.0; windows nt 6.1; trident/4.0; slcc2; .net clr 2.0.50727; .net clr 3.5.30729; .net clr 3.0.30729; media center pc 6.0; tablet pc 2.0; 360se)” tlsv1 aes128-sha 10.228.21.237:80 0.198 0.001

线下测试（$http_referer）：

10.14.21.197 – – [14/aug/2012:17:28:22 +0800] “get /spanner/watch/v1?–db=ztg-1&–mode=compare&–index=status&–option=&–cluster=whole&-f=2012%2f8%2f12-00%3a00%3a00&-t=%2b2880&-i=1&-n=0&_=1344936501292 http/1.1” 200 94193 “http://spanner.alipay.net/optionframe/history.html” “mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1) applewebkit/537.1 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/21.0.1180.60 safari/537.1”

备注：$http_referer和重定向有关。

错误日志[error.log]

错误信息	错误说明
“upstream prematurely（过早的） closed connection”	请求uri的时候出现的异常，是由于upstream还未返回应答给用户时用户断掉连接造成的，对系统没有影响，可以忽略
“recv() failed (104: connection reset by peer)”	（1）服务器的并发连接数超过了其承载量，服务器会将其中一些连接down掉； （2）客户关掉了浏览器，而服务器还在给客户端发送数据； （3）浏览器端按了stop
“(111: connection refused) while connecting to upstream”	用户在连接时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误
“(111: connection refused) while reading response header from upstream”	用户在连接成功后读取数据时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误
“(111: connection refused) while sending request to upstream”	nginx和upstream连接成功后发送数据时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误
“(110: connection timed out) while connecting to upstream”	nginx连接后面的upstream时超时
“(110: connection timed out) while reading upstream”	nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时
“(110: connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream”	nginx读取来自upstream的响应头时超时
“(110: connection timed out) while reading upstream”	nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时
“(104: connection reset by peer) while connecting to upstream”	upstream发送了rst，将连接重置
“upstream sent invalid header while reading response header from upstream”	upstream发送的响应头无效
“upstream sent no valid http/1.0 header while reading response header from upstream”	upstream发送的响应头无效
“client intended to send too large body”	用于设置允许接受的客户端请求内容的最大值，默认值是1m，client发送的body超过了设置值
“reopening logs”	用户发送kill  -usr1命令
“gracefully shutting down”,	用户发送kill  -winch命令
“no servers are inside upstream”	upstream下未配置server
“no live upstreams while connecting to upstream”	upstream下的server全都挂了
“ssl_do_handshake() failed”	ssl握手失败
“ssl_write() failed (ssl:) while sending to client”
“(13: permission denied) while reading upstream”
“(98: address already in use) while connecting to upstream”
“(99: cannot assign requested address) while connecting to upstream”
“ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory in ssl session shared cache”	ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
“could not add new ssl session to the session cache while ssl handshaking”	ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
“send() failed (111: connection refused)”

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。