linux CentOS7 下 Docker镜像管理[image]（亲测非转载）

 

docker安装参考：https://blog.csdn.net/tangyaliang11/article/details/87266194
docker官方镜像列表地址：https://hub.docker.com/search?q=&type=image

获取镜像
命令：docker [image] pull name[:tag]
如获取nginx1.14镜像命令：$ docker image pull nginx:1.14 。下载的就是nginx1.14版本。通过命令docker images可以查看到有两个版本的nginx 一个是获取镜像是带tag的，一个获取镜像时不带tag获取最新版本的镜像。

[[e-mail] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14                1293e2b0a1af        8 days ago          109MB
nginx               latest              f09fe80eb0e7        8 days ago          109MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB

删除镜像
命令：docker image rm name/imageID，还有其他删除方式个人不建议所以不说了避免混淆。
如通过docker image rm nginx 删除的镜像则是latest版本，不必担心会删除其他的版本。
也可以通过镜像id删除。

[[e-mail] ~]# docker image rm nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: [e-mail]:dd2d0ac3fff2f007d99e033b64854be0941e19a2ad51f174d9240dda20d9f534
Deleted: sha256:f09fe80eb0e75e97b04b9dfb065ac3fda37a8fac0161f42fca1e6fe4d0977c80
Deleted: sha256:355e42205f69706706acf084bc2ed484ea5c034a8861b5bcebb7d8bf141fd686
Deleted: sha256:70cc0be2e302cca187cfadaaf528005d004bec56d46ae890a8a06bdd96768ef1
[[e-mail] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14                1293e2b0a1af        8 days ago          109MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB
[[e-mail] ~]# docker image rm 1293e2b0a1af
Untagged: nginx:1.14
Untagged: [e-mail]:d1eed840d5b357b897a872d17cdaa8a4fc8e6eb43faa8ad2febb31ce0c537910
Deleted: sha256:1293e2b0a1af4854799d5f4a335c59f475cb68ef34e35f8e901d77971eb47315
Deleted: sha256:7016890e9376cbb07ba5ac82aa99da0183ecc886bd3307f7b0bdb08cb6d862f6
Deleted: sha256:7860b3787f080232f56aedd7d431277c2cae522773a7a04c38b158db4b7756d5
Deleted: sha256:0a07e81f5da36e4cd6c89d9bc3af643345e56bb2ed74cc8772e42ec0d393aee3
[[e-mail] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB

清理镜像
命令：docker image prune，清理临时镜像，支持的选项-a --all，将删除所有没有使用的镜像。

[[e-mail] ~]# docker image prune -a
WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: hello-world:latest
untagged: [e-mail]:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e
deleted: sha256:af0b15c8625bb1938f1d7b17081031f649fd14e6b233688eea3c5483994a66a3
untagged: nginx:latest
untagged: [e-mail]:dd2d0ac3fff2f007d99e033b64854be0941e19a2ad51f174d9240dda20d9f534
deleted: sha256:f09fe80eb0e75e97b04b9dfb065ac3fda37a8fac0161f42fca1e6fe4d0977c80
deleted: sha256:355e42205f69706706acf084bc2ed484ea5c034a8861b5bcebb7d8bf141fd686
deleted: sha256:70cc0be2e302cca187cfadaaf528005d004bec56d46ae890a8a06bdd96768ef1
deleted: sha256:0a07e81f5da36e4cd6c89d9bc3af643345e56bb2ed74cc8772e42ec0d393aee3

Total reclaimed space: 109.2MB

创建镜像
主要有三种方式：1、基于已有镜像的容器创建。2、基于本地模板导入。3基于Dockerfile创建。
第三种方式最常用也是我主要使用方式，所以前两种不讲了。以nginx镜像为例。

// 创建一个test文件夹
[[e-mail] test]# mkdir /usr/local/test
// 进入文件夹
[[e-mail] test]# cd /usr/local/test
// 下载nginx1.13.7
[[e-mail] test]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
// 创建Dockerfile文件
[[e-mail] test]# tonch Dockerfile
// 编辑文件
[[e-mail] test]# vi Dockerfile
##文件内容
FROM centos:7 #系统环境
MAINTAINER  tangyaliang [e-mail] #镜像作者信息
RUN yum provides '*/applydeltarpm' #这三行是解决一个软件版本错误
RUN yum install deltarpm -y
RUN rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM*
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel #安装nginx依赖
ADD nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz /usr/local/ #将下载的nginx添加至镜像，会自动解压缩
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx-1.13.7/ #设置工作目录
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install #与正常环境安装一样
RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/sbin/ #建立一个引用
CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] #镜像启动后执行的命令，启动nginx
##文件内容
//构建镜像
[[e-mail] test]# docker image build -t nginx:myapp .
//依靠镜像运行容器，并且将宿主机8888端口映射给容器的80端口
[[e-mail] test]# docker container run -idt -p 8888:80 --name myapp nginx:myapp

# 显示镜像列表
[[e-mail] test]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               myapp               a70a6ca493f9        24 minutes ago      703MB
nginx               latest              f09fe80eb0e7        8 days ago          109MB
centos              7                   1e1148e4cc2c        2 months ago        202MB
# 显示容器列表
[[e-mail] test]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
4a19ad0109b0        nginx:myapp         "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   myapp
e02303e20e46        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   nginx123

访问刚运行的容器。