NS3的Callback例子讲解

以ns-3.25/ex1/examples下面的main-callback.cc为例，讲解Callback用法。

#include "ns3/callback.h"
#include "ns3/assert.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace ns3;

static double
CbOne (double a, double b)
{
  std::cout << "invoke cbOne a=" << a << ", b=" << b << std::endl;
  return a;
}

/** Example Callback class. */
class MyCb {
public:
  /**
   * Example Callback class method.
   *
   * \param [in] a The argument.
   * \returns -5
   */
  int CbTwo (double a) {
    std::cout << "invoke cbTwo a=" << a << std::endl;
    return -5;
  }
};


int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  // return type: double
  // first arg type: double
  // second arg type: double
  Callback<double, double, double> one;
  // build callback instance which points to cbOne function
  one = MakeCallback (&CbOne);
  // this is not a null callback
  NS_ASSERT (!one.IsNull ());
  // invoke cbOne function through callback instance
  double retOne;
  retOne = one (10.0, 20.0);
  // callback returned expected value
  NS_ASSERT (retOne == 10.0);

  // return type: int
  // first arg type: double
  Callback<int, double> two;
  MyCb cb;
  // build callback instance which points to MyCb::cbTwo
  two = MakeCallback (&MyCb::CbTwo, &cb);
  // this is not a null callback
  NS_ASSERT (!two.IsNull ());
  // invoke MyCb::cbTwo through callback instance
  int retTwo;
  retTwo = two (10.0);
  // callback returned expected value
  NS_ASSERT (retTwo == -5);

  two = MakeNullCallback<int, double> ();
  // invoking a null callback is just like
  // invoking a null function pointer:
  // it will crash.
  //int retTwoNull = two (20.0);
  NS_ASSERT (two.IsNull ());

#if 0
  // The below type mismatch between CbOne() and callback two will fail to 
  // compile if enabled in this program.
  two = MakeCallback (&CbOne);
#endif

#if 0
  // This is a slightly different example, in which the code will compile
  // but because callbacks are type-safe, will cause a fatal error at runtime 
  // (the difference here is that Assign() is called instead of operator=)
  Callback<void, float> three;
  three.Assign (MakeCallback (&CbOne));
#endif

  return 0;
}

首先我们观察到第一个Callback与Cbone有这样的关系：

如果这个函数和Callback函数有相同的函数参数类型，那么我们可以把这个函数绑定为Callback函数。Callback函数第一个参数是返回类型，后边的是参数类型。

Callback只是一个声明的作用，它表示我们绑定任意符合要求的函数到Callback函数，那么我们究竟要绑定哪个函数呢？接下来我们用MakeCallback函数绑定到具体的函数上去。

// build callback instance which points to cbOne function
one = MakeCallback (&CbOne);

接下来：

NS_ASSERT (!one.IsNull ());

这句话为了保证Callback为非空，也就是说，Callback绑定到了特定的函数。

第二次调用Callback函数，是绑定到了类的成员函数上，原理一样。

我们可以看一下Callback函数和MakeCallback原型

参数：
memPtr Class method member pointer
objPtr Class instance

返回：
A wrapper Callback