爬虫之BeautifulSoup类
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2022-07-06 12:17:14
安装：pip install BeautifulSoup4 下表列出了主要的解析器,以及它们的优缺点:看个人习惯选取自己喜欢的解析方式 1 # 获取html代码 2 import requests 3 r = requests.get('http://www.python123.io/ws/demo ......
安装：pip install beautifulsoup4
下表列出了主要的解析器,以及它们的优缺点:看个人习惯选取自己喜欢的解析方式
1 # 获取html代码
2 import requests
3 r = requests.get('http://www.python123.io/ws/demo.html')
4 demo = r.text
5 from bs4 import beautifulsoup
6 soup = beautifulsoup(demo,'html.parser')
7 print(soup.prettify()) #按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出，代码如下
8 <html>
9 <head>
10 <title>
11 this is a python demo page
12 </title>
13 </head>
14 <body>
15 <p class="title">
16 <b>
17 the demo python introduces several python courses.
18 </b>
19 </p>
20 <p class="course">
21 python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. you can learn python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
22 <a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-268001" id="link1">
23 basic python
24 </a>
25 and
26 <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-1001870001" id="link2">
27 advanced python
28 </a>
29 .
30 </p>
31 </body>
32 </html>
简单浏览数据化方法的用法
#demo的源代码
html_d="""
<html><head><title>this is a python demo page</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>the demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
<p class="course">python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. you can learn python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-268001" class="py1" id="link1">basic python</a> and <a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-1001870001" class="py2" id="link2">advanced python</a>.</p>
</body></html>
"""
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
soup=beautifulsoup(html_d,'html.parser')
# 获取title标签
print(soup.title)
#获取文本内容
print(soup.text)
#获取标签名称
print(soup.title.name)
#获取标签属性
print(soup.title.attrs)
#获取head标签的子节点
print(soup.p.contents)
print(soup.p.children)
#获取所有的a标签
print(soup.find_all('a'))
常用解析方法
#demo的源代码
html_d="""
<html><head><title>this is a python demo page</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>the demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
<p class="course">python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. you can learn python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-268001" class="py1" id="link1">basic python</a> and <a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/bit-1001870001" class="py2" id="link2">advanced python</a>.</p>
</body></html>
"""
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
soup = beautifulsoup(html_d,"lxml")
#p下面所有的子节点
print(soup.p.contents)
soup.contents[0].name
#children本身没有子节点，得到一个迭代器,包含p下所有子节点
print(soup.p.children)
for child in enumerate(soup.p.children):
print(child)
#子孙节点p下面所有的标签都会出来
print(soup.p.descendants)
for i in enumerate(soup.p.children):
print(i)
# string 下面有且只有一个子节皆可以取出，如有多个字节则返回为none
print(soup.title.string)
# strings 如果有多个字符串
for string in soup.strings:
print(repr(string))
#去掉空白
for line in soup.stripped_strings:
print(line)
#获取a标签的父节点
print(soup.a.parent)
#找到a标签的父辈节点
print(soup.a.parents)
#兄弟节点
print(soup.a.next_sibling) #同一个兄弟
print(soup.a.next_sibling) #上一个兄弟
print(soup.a.next_sibling) #下一个兄弟
find_all的用法( name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)
import re
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
soup = beautifulsoup(html_d,"lxml")
# name
for tag in soup.find_all(re.compile('b')):
print(tag.name)
#attrs
print(soup.find_all('p','course'))
#keyword
print(soup.find_all(id='link1'))
#recursive
# print(soup.find_all('a',recursive=false))
# string
# print(soup.find_all(string=re.compile('python')))
小案例
import requests
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
import bs4
#获取url里面信息
def gethtmltext(url):
try:
r= requests.get(url,timeout=30 )
r.encoding=r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return ""
#提起网页数据
def fillunivlist(ulist,html):
soup = beautifulsoup(html,"html.parser")
for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
if isinstance(tr,bs4.element.tag):
tds = tr('td')
ulist.append([tds[0].string,tds[1].string,tds[2].string,tds[3].string])
pass
#打印数据结果
def printunivlist(ulist,num):
# tplt = "{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}\t{:^10}"
# print(tplt.format('排名', '学校名称', '省份','总分',chr(12288)))
# for i in range(num):
# u = ulist[i]
# print(tplt.format(u[0], u[1], u[2],u[3],chr(12288)))
print("{:^10}\t{:^6}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}".format('排名', '学校名称', '地区', '总分'))
for i in range(num):
u = ulist[i]
print("{:^10}\t{:^6}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}".format(u[0], u[1], u[2], u[3]))
return
def main():
unifo = []
url = 'http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html'
html = gethtmltext(url)
fillunivlist(unifo,html)
printunivlist(unifo,20) #打印前20所
main()
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