VMware虚拟机(Linux)如何找出系统中磁盘设备对应的硬盘

 

vmware虚拟机（linux）中，我们的linux服务器可能拥有多个磁盘（或者叫虚拟磁盘），如下所示，这个服务器的磁盘有硬盘1、硬盘2、…………硬盘10总共10块硬盘。

 

 

而linux系统中，磁盘中对应的设备如下

 

[root@mylnx01 ~]# ls -lrt /dev/sd*

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,   0 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,   3 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda3

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,   2 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  21 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  18 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  17 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  16 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  37 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  34 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  33 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  32 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  64 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  49 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdd1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  48 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdd

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  82 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  81 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  80 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  69 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  65 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 113 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdh1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 112 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdh

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  96 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  85 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 129 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 128 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 101 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  97 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 130 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 147 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj3

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 146 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 145 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 144 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 152 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj8

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 151 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj7

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 150 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj6

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 149 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 148 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj4

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 153 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj9

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,   1 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda1

 

那么我们如何找出/dev/sdj对应vmware中的哪个磁盘呢？ 相信很多同学可能想通过磁盘大小来判断，但是呢，这个通过磁盘大小不好判断或者判断不精准，主要有下面一些因素：

 

1：两边计算磁盘大小的方式不一样。看到的磁盘大小有点出入。

 

2：可能存在相同大小的磁盘，此时你怎么判断呢？

 

那么有没有通过某个标识来判断呢？根据scsi标准，每个scsi磁盘都有一个wwid，类似于网卡的mac地址，而且是独一无二。linux系统上/dev/disk/by-id目录包含每个scsi磁盘wwid访问路径。

 

[root@kerrydb ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-id/

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 apr 11 09:25 ata-st500dm002-1bd142_z6ea17fp -> ../../sda

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 ata-st500dm002-1bd142_z6ea17fp-part1 -> ../../sda1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 ata-st500dm002-1bd142_z6ea17fp-part2 -> ../../sda2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 ata-st500dm002-1bd142_z6ea17fp-part3 -> ../../sda3

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-home -> ../../dm-2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-root -> ../../dm-0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-swap -> ../../dm-1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-lvm-ooll2ne7hvrlu1rwfzricmprezgxlzhq2gwvhfhzrdlwmrz3kukgnjjqskln2noy -> ../../dm-0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-lvm-ooll2ne7hvrlu1rwfzricmprezgxlzhqnaliutdrhqv42rqnw8jaimopdueps5b3 -> ../../dm-1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-lvm-ooll2ne7hvrlu1rwfzricmprezgxlzhqybfexsotcltjcv0ds9tkiwa1ivbwxnrk -> ../../dm-2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 lvm-pv-uuid-fayn5y-ydir-cywu-1vdf-btz6-dkyt-tny8ee -> ../../sda3

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  9 apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c -> ../../sda

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part1 -> ../../sda1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part2 -> ../../sda2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part3 -> ../../sda3

 

但是当前环境下，vmware虚拟机（linux）默认情况下没有开启这个选项。

 

# ll /dev/disk/by-id

ls: /dev/disk/by-id: no such file or directory

# cd /dev/disk

# ls -lrt

total 0

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  60 may  3 19:35 by-uuid

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  60 may  3 19:35 by-label

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 640 may  3 19:35 by-path

 

而且在vmware vsphere client连上vmware控制台，你会发现这里没有提供硬盘的wwid信息，即使你在linux中找到设备的wwid信息，但是在vmware控制台也看不到对应的wwid信息，我们还可以通过计算机的scsi编号来判断，scsi 可适用于许多设备（包括随机存取设备，比如磁盘和像磁带这样的顺序存储设备），如下截图所示，磁盘有个显示是通过scsi控制器管理磁盘的，硬盘9对应的为scsi（0:11）

 

 

 

 

 

[root@mylnx01 ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path | grep '0:11'

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0 -> ../../sdj

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part1 -> ../../sdj1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part2 -> ../../sdj2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part3 -> ../../sdj3

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part4 -> ../../sdj4

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part5 -> ../../sdj5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part6 -> ../../sdj6

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part7 -> ../../sdj7

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part8 -> ../../sdj8

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part9 -> ../../sdj9

[root@mylnx01 ~]# ls -l /dev/sdj*

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 144 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 145 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 146 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 147 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj3

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 148 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj4

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 149 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj5

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 150 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj6

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 151 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj7

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 152 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj8

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 153 apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj9

 

如上所示，我们通过上面命令的输出信息就可以判断磁盘9对应linux下的/dev/sdj这个设备。