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MySQL学习记录 ----- SQL查询语句(DQL)

程序员文章站 2022-07-06 10:12:33
相关文章:《MySQL学习记录 (一) ----- 有关数据库的基本概念和MySQL常用命令》SQL查询语句(DQL)一、简单查询语法格式功能select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名;查询表中一个或多个字段的记录select * from 表名查询表中所有字段记录二、条件查询语法介绍语法格式功能select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名 where 条件;条件查询条件运算符运算符...
相关文章:
  1. 《MySQL学习记录 (一) ----- 有关数据库的基本概念和MySQL常用命令》
  2. 《MySQL学习记录 (二) ----- SQL查询语句(DQL)》

SQL查询语句(DQL)


一、简单查询
语法格式 功能
select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名; 查询表中一个或多个字段的记录
select * from 表名 查询表中所有字段记录
二、条件查询
  1. 语法介绍

    语法格式 功能
    select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名 where 条件; 条件查询
  2. 条件运算符

    运算符 说明
    = 判等
    <>!= 不等于
    < 小于
    <= 小于等于
    > 大于
    >= 大于等于
    between A and B [A,B],等同于>= A and <= B
    is null / is not null 为空 / 不为空
    and 并且
    or 或者
    in / not in in等同于or, not in中的in等同于and
    not 取非,主要在is或者in中使用
    like 模糊查询,支持%或者下划线匹配
三、注意
  1. 任何一条sql语句以;结尾
  2. sql语句不区分大小写
  3. sql语句中字符串要求用''单引号括起来
  4. 条件查询语句执行顺序:from—>where—>select
四、示例:
  1. 查询表中一个或多个字段的记录

    mysql> select ename,sal from emp;
    +--------+---------+
    | ename  | sal     |
    +--------+---------+
    | SMITH  |  800.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
    | WARD   | 1250.00 |
    | JONES  | 2975.00 |
    | MARTIN | 1250.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
    | CLARK  | 2450.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
    | KING   | 5000.00 |
    | TURNER | 1500.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
    | JAMES  |  950.00 |
    | FORD   | 3000.00 |
    | MILLER | 1300.00 |
    +--------+---------+
    
  2. 显示字段运算结果

    mysql> select ename,sal*12 from emp;
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | sal*12   |
    +--------+----------+
    | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    | JONES  | 35700.00 |
    | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
    | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
    | KING   | 60000.00 |
    | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    | FORD   | 36000.00 |
    | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  3. 将查询结果中的字段按指定字符显示出来

    mysql> select ename,sal*12 as '年薪'  from emp;
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | 年薪     |
    +--------+----------+
    | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    | JONES  | 35700.00 |
    | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
    | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
    | KING   | 60000.00 |
    | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    | FORD   | 36000.00 |
    | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  4. 显示表中所有记录

    mysql> select * from emp;
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    | EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    |  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
    |  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
    |  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
    |  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
    |  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    
  5. 条件查询:查询年薪小于等于20000的员工,查询结果显示姓名、编号

    mysql> select empno,ename,sal*12 from emp where sal*12<=20000;
    +-------+--------+----------+
    | empno | ename  | sal*12   |
    +-------+--------+----------+
    |  7369 | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    |  7499 | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    |  7521 | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    |  7654 | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    |  7844 | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    |  7876 | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    |  7900 | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    |  7934 | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +-------+--------+----------+
    
  6. 条件查询:姓名首字母为A—C的员工姓名

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename  between 'A' and 'C';
    +-------+
    | ename |
    +-------+
    | ALLEN |
    | BLAKE |
    | ADAMS |
    +-------+
    

    注意:用between…and…查询字符串时,范围是左闭右开,如:上面[A,C)

  7. 条件查询:查询员工表中谁没有津贴

    mysql> select ename,comm from emp where comm is null;
    +--------+------+
    | ename  | comm |
    +--------+------+
    | SMITH  | NULL |
    | JONES  | NULL |
    | BLAKE  | NULL |
    | CLARK  | NULL |
    | SCOTT  | NULL |
    | KING   | NULL |
    | ADAMS  | NULL |
    | JAMES  | NULL |
    | FORD   | NULL |
    | MILLER | NULL |
    +--------+------+
    
  8. 条件查询:查询员工表中职位为manager和salesman的员工

    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job = 'manager' or job = 'salesman';
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | job      |
    +--------+----------+
    | ALLEN  | SALESMAN |
    | WARD   | SALESMAN |
    | JONES  | MANAGER  |
    | MARTIN | SALESMAN |
    | BLAKE  | MANAGER  |
    | CLARK  | MANAGER  |
    | TURNER | SALESMAN |
    +--------+----------+
    
    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job in('manager','salesman');
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | job      |
    +--------+----------+
    | ALLEN  | SALESMAN |
    | WARD   | SALESMAN |
    | JONES  | MANAGER  |
    | MARTIN | SALESMAN |
    | BLAKE  | MANAGER  |
    | CLARK  | MANAGER  |
    | TURNER | SALESMAN |
    
  9. 条件查询:查询员工表中职位不为manager或者salesman的员工

    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job != 'manager' and job != 'salesman';
    +--------+-----------+
    | ename  | job       |
    +--------+-----------+
    | SMITH  | CLERK     |
    | SCOTT  | ANALYST   |
    | KING   | PRESIDENT |
    | ADAMS  | CLERK     |
    | JAMES  | CLERK     |
    | FORD   | ANALYST   |
    | MILLER | CLERK     |
    +--------+-----------+
    
    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job not in('manager','salesman');
    +--------+-----------+
    | ename  | job       |
    +--------+-----------+
    | SMITH  | CLERK     |
    | SCOTT  | ANALYST   |
    | KING   | PRESIDENT |
    | ADAMS  | CLERK     |
    | JAMES  | CLERK     |
    | FORD   | ANALYST   |
    | MILLER | CLERK     |
    +--------+-----------+
    
  10. 条件查询:找出薪资大于1000并且部门编号是20或30的员工

    mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal > 1000 and (deptno=20 or deptno=30);
    +--------+---------+--------+
    | ename  | sal     | deptno |
    +--------+---------+--------+
    | ALLEN  | 1600.00 |     30 |
    | WARD   | 1250.00 |     30 |
    | JONES  | 2975.00 |     20 |
    | MARTIN | 1250.00 |     30 |
    | BLAKE  | 2850.00 |     30 |
    | SCOTT  | 3000.00 |     20 |
    | TURNER | 1500.00 |     30 |
    | ADAMS  | 1100.00 |     20 |
    | FORD   | 3000.00 |     20 |
    +--------+---------+--------+
    
  11. 条件查询:查询员工姓名中含有’o’字符的员工

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '%o%';
    +-------+
    | ename |
    +-------+
    | JONES |
    | SCOTT |
    | FORD  |
    +-------+
    

    注意:单引号''中嵌套特殊字符%%

  12. 条件查询:查询员工姓名中第二个字母为A的员工

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '_A%';
    +--------+
    | ename  |
    +--------+
    | WARD   |
    | MARTIN |
    | JAMES  |
    +--------+
    

    拓展
    (1) 查询名字第一个字母为A ,like 'A%'
    (2) 查询名字最后一个字母为T , like '%T'
    (3) 查询名字中含有下划线_like '%\_%'

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/k909397116/article/details/107412981