linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤
一.关于文件服务器
在一个项目中,如果想把公共软件或者资料共享给项目组成员,可以搭建一个简易的文件服务器来实现,只要是在局域网内的成员都可以通过浏览器或者wget命令来下载和访问资料。可以达到信息共享,软件版本一致的效果。本文讲述在linux环境下使用apache服务搭建文件服务器。
二.使用apache搭建文件服务器
1.apache服务在linux环境下的程序叫做httpd,所以首先安装httpd服务,如果配置好了yum源的话,直接使用yum命令安
装,如果没有配置好yum源的话,可以参考博客“linux 配置本地yum源,配置国内yum源,配置epel源”进行配置,网址为:
[root@node5 ~]# yum -y install httpd
2.启动httpd服务
#启动httpd服务 [root@node5 ~]# systemctl start httpd #查看httpd服务状态 [root@node5 ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - the apache http server loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) active: active (running) since thu 2020-12-17 16:26:05 cst; 7s ago docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) main pid: 98576 (httpd) status: "processing requests..." cgroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─98576 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground ├─98577 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground ├─98578 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground ├─98579 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground ├─98580 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground └─98581 /usr/sbin/httpd -dforeground dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: starting the apache http server... dec 17 16:26:05 node5 httpd[98576]: ah00558: httpd: could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.110.184. set the 'servername' directive globally to su...ss this message dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: started the apache http server. hint: some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. #查看apache版本 [root@node5 ~]# httpd -version server version: apache/2.4.6 (centos) server built: nov 16 2020 16:18:20
3.查看ip地址,访问apache页面
#可以看到本机ip地址为192.168.110.184 [root@node5 soft]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<up,broadcast,running,multicast> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.110.184 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255 ether 00:0c:29:11:c4:4a txqueuelen 1000 (ethernet) rx packets 24682 bytes 13301526 (12.6 mib) rx errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 frame 0 tx packets 15119 bytes 2166095 (2.0 mib) tx errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<up,loopback,running> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (local loopback) rx packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 kib) rx errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 tx packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 kib) tx errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
在浏览器里访问http://192.168.110.184/,如果出现如下界面说明apache服务安装成功
4.创建共享目录/opt/soft,把需要共享的文件都放在这个目录
[root@node5 soft]# mkdir /opt/soft #此命令把系统所有的tar.gz的压缩包都放在共享目录里 [root@node5 soft]# find / -name "*.tar.gz" -exec mv {} /opt/soft \; [root@node5 soft]# ls /opt/soft/ amhello-1.0.tar.gz elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz fastdfs_v5.08.tar.gz kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.19.3.tar.gz ntp-4.2.6p5.tar.gz tomcat-native.tar.gz apache-tomcat-8.0.51.tar.gz fastdfs_client_java._v1.25.tar.gz findfile.tar.gz libopts-40.0.15.tar.gz nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz 饼干.txt commons-daemon-native.tar.gz fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz jdk-8u172-linux-x64.tar.gz nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz today_db.tar.gz
5.因为访问apache页面默认读取的是/var/www/html/页面,所以把共享目录链接到/var/www/html/下就可以了
[root@node5 ~]# ln -s /opt/soft /var/www/html/file [root@node5 ~]# ll /var/www/html/file lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 dec 17 16:29 /var/www/html/file -> /opt/soft
6.重启apache服务,查看页面
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/,如果出现如下界面,就说明文件服务器搭建好了
7.通过网页我们发现中文是乱码,可以修改配置文件使中文正常显示
#在apache配置文件的末尾追加一行 [root@node5 ~]# echo "indexoptions charset=utf-8" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
再次访问网页http://192.168.110.184/file/,发现页面的中文正常显示了
三.测试文件服务器是否可用
1.在windows上使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/,如果页面可以打开,并且点击软件会自动下载,说明通过windows下载文件成功。
2.在局域网内的另外一台linux机器上测试是否可以下载文件
#首先在node8机器上使用root账户测试下载文件 #使用wget命令下载文件 [root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt --2020-12-17 16:53:00-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%e9%a5%bc%e5%b9%b2.txt connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected. http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok length: 1181 (1.2k) [text/plain] saving to: ‘饼干.txt' 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181 --.-k/s in 0s 2020-12-17 16:53:00 (130 mb/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181] [root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz --2020-12-17 16:53:26-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected. http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok length: 767 [application/x-gzip] saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz' 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767 --.-k/s in 0s 2020-12-17 16:53:26 (268 mb/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767] #发现文件能正常下载 [root@node8 ~]# ls 饼干.txt today_db.tar.gz today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt #使用node8机器上的普通账户file1测试下载文件 [root@node8 ~]# useradd file1 [root@node8 ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin file1 changing password for user file1. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@node8 ~]# su - file1 [file1@node8 ~]$ pwd /home/file1 [file1@node8 ~]$ ls [file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt --2020-12-17 17:44:10-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%e9%a5%bc%e5%b9%b2.txt connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected. http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok length: 1181 (1.2k) [text/plain] saving to: ‘饼干.txt' 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181 --.-k/s in 0s 2020-12-17 17:44:10 (254 mb/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181] [file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz --2020-12-17 17:44:20-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected. http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok length: 767 [application/x-gzip] saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz' 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767 --.-k/s in 0s 2020-12-17 17:44:20 (216 mb/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767] #发现能正常下载文件 [file1@node8 ~]$ ls today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt
自此文件服务器搭建成功,功能正常。
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