PHP5.1,PHP5.2,PHP5.3,PHP5.4,PHP5.5,PHP5.6 ,PHP7,PHP7.1 所有新特性整理
PHP5.1,PHP5.2,PHP5.3,PHP5.4,PHP5.5,PHP5.6 ,PHP7,PHP7.1 所有新特性整理
Buid-in web server内置了一个简单的Web服务器
把当前目录作为Root Document只需要这条命令即可:
php -S localhost:3300
也可以指定其它路径
php -S localhost:3300 -t /path/to/root
还可以指定路由
php -S localhost:3300 router.php
命名空间(php5.3)
命名空间的分隔符为反斜杆\
namespace fox\lanmps\Table; class Select {}
获取完整类别名称
PHP5.3 中引入命名空间的别名类和命名空间短版本的功能。虽然这并不适用于字符串类名称
use Some\Deeply\Nested\Namespace\FooBar; // does not work, because this will try to use the global `FooBar` class $reflection = new ReflectionClass('FooBar'); echo FooBar::class;
为了解决这个问题采用新的FooBar::class语法,它返回类的完整类别名称
命名空间 use 操作符开始支持函数和常量的导入
namespace Name\Space { const FOO = 42; function f() { echo __FUNCTION__."\n"; } } namespace { use const Name\Space\FOO; use function Name\Space\f; echo FOO."\n"; f(); }
输出
42
Name\Space\f
Group use declarations
从同一 namespace 导入的类、函数和常量现在可以通过单个 use 语句 一次性导入了。
//PHP7之前 use some\namespace\ClassA; use some\namespace\ClassB; use some\namespace\ClassC as C; use function some\namespace\fn_a; use function some\namespace\fn_b; use function some\namespace\fn_c; use const some\namespace\ConstA; use const some\namespace\ConstB; use const some\namespace\ConstC; // PHP7之后 use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C}; use function some\namespace\{fn_a, fn_b, fn_c}; use const some\namespace\{ConstA, ConstB, ConstC};
支持延迟静态绑定
static关键字来引用当前类,即实现了延迟静态绑定
class A { public static function who() { echo __CLASS__; } public static function test() { static::who(); // 这里实现了延迟的静态绑定 } } class B extends A { public static function who() { echo __CLASS__; } } B::test();
输出结果:
B
支持goto语句
多数计算机程序设计语言中都支持无条件转向语句goto,当程序执行到goto语句时,即转向由goto语句中的标号指出的程序位置继续执行。尽管goto语句有可能会导致程序流程不清晰,可读性减弱,但在某些情况下具有其独特的方便之处,例如中断深度嵌套的循环和 if 语句。
goto a; echo 'Foo'; a: echo 'Bar'; for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) { while($j--) { if($j==17) goto end; } } echo "i = $i"; end: echo 'j hit 17';
支持闭包、Lambda/Anonymous函数
闭包(Closure)函数和Lambda函数的概念来自于函数编程领域。例如JavaScript 是支持闭包和 lambda 函数的最常见语言之一。
在PHP中,我们也可以通过create_function()在代码运行时创建函数。但有一个问题:创建的函数仅在运行时才被编译,而不与其它代码同时被编译成执行码,因此我们无法使用类似APC这样的执行码缓存来提高代码执行效率。
在PHP5.3中,我们可以使用Lambda/匿名函数来定义一些临时使用(即用即弃型)的函数,以作为array_map()/array_walk()等函数的回调函数。
echo preg_replace_callback('~-([a-z])~', function ($match) { return strtoupper($match[1]); }, 'hello-world'); // 输出 helloWorld $greet = function($name) { printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name); }; $greet('World'); $greet('PHP'); //...在某个类中 $callback = function ($quantity, $product) use ($tax, &$total) { $pricePerItem = constant(__CLASS__ . "::PRICE_" . strtoupper($product)); $total += ($pricePerItem * $quantity) * ($tax + 1.0); };
魔术方法__callStatic()和__invoke()
PHP中原本有一个魔术方法__call(),当代码调用对象的某个不存在的方法时该魔术方法会被自动调用。新增的__callStatic()方法则只用于静态类方法。当尝试调用类中不存在的静态方法时,__callStatic()魔术方法将被自动调用。
class MethodTest { public function __call($name, $arguments) { // 参数 $name 大小写敏感 echo "调用对象方法 '$name' " . implode(' -- ', $arguments). "\n"; } /** PHP 5.3.0 以上版本中本类方法有效 */ public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) { // 参数 $name 大小写敏感 echo "调用静态方法 '$name' " . implode(' -- ', $arguments). "\n"; } } $obj = new MethodTest; $obj->runTest('通过对象调用'); MethodTest::runTest('静态调用'); // As of PHP 5.3.0
以上代码执行后输出如下:
调用对象方法’runTest’ –- 通过对象调用调用静态方法’runTest’ –- 静态调用
以函数形式来调用对象时,__invoke()方法将被自动调用。
class MethodTest { public function __call($name, $arguments) { // 参数 $name 大小写敏感 echo "Calling object method '$name' " . implode(', ', $arguments). "\n"; } /** PHP 5.3.0 以上版本中本类方法有效 */ public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) { // 参数 $name 大小写敏感 echo "Calling static method '$name' " . implode(', ', $arguments). "\n"; } } $obj = new MethodTest; $obj->runTest('in object context'); MethodTest::runTest('in static context'); // As of PHP 5.3.0
Nowdoc语法
用法和Heredoc类似,但使用单引号。Heredoc则需要通过使用双引号来声明。
Nowdoc中不会做任何变量解析,非常适合于传递一段PHP代码。
// Nowdoc 单引号 PHP 5.3之后支持 $name = 'MyName'; echo <<<'EOT' My name is "$name". EOT; //上面代码输出 My name is "$name". ((其中变量不被解析) // Heredoc不加引号 echo <<支持通过Heredoc来初始化静态变量、类成员和类常量。
// 静态变量 function foo() { static $bar = <<//PHP中定义常量通常是用这种方式 define("CONSTANT", "Hello world."); //并且新增了一种常量定义方式 const CONSTANT = 'Hello World';$expr1=1; $expr2=2; //原格式 $expr=$expr1?$expr1:$expr2 //新格式 $expr=$expr1?:$expr2$param = $_GET['param'] ?? 1;$param = isset($_GET['param']) ? $_GET['param'] : 1;echo json_encode("中文", JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE); //输出:"中文"$bin = 0b1101; echo $bin; //13echo "\u{9876}"printf("2 ** 3 == %d\n", 2 ** 3); printf("2 ** 3 ** 2 == %d\n", 2 ** 3 ** 2); $a = 2; $a **= 3; printf("a == %d\n", $a);// Integers echo 1 <=> 1; // 0 echo 1 <=> 2; // -1 echo 2 <=> 1; // 1 // Floats echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0 echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1 echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1 // Strings echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0 echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1 echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1官网的一个例子: trait SayWorld { public function sayHello() { parent::sayHello(); echo "World!\n"; echo 'ID:' . $this->id . "\n"; } } class Base { public function sayHello() { echo 'Hello '; } } class MyHelloWorld extends Base { private $id; public function __construct() { $this->id = 123456; } use SayWorld; } $o = new MyHelloWorld(); $o->sayHello(); /*will output: Hello World! ID:123456 */$arr = [1,'james', 'james@fwso.cn']; $array = [ "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "foo" ];function myfunc() { return array(1,'james', 'james@fwso.cn'); } echo myfunc()[1]; $name = explode(",", "Laruence,male")[0]; explode(",", "Laruence,male")[3] = "phper";echo array(1, 2, 3)[0]; echo [1, 2, 3][0]; echo "foobar"[2];var_dump("abcdef"[-2]); var_dump(strpos("aabbcc", "b", -3));string (1) "e" int(3)function randomHexString($length) { $str = ''; for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) { $str .= "0123456789abcdef"[mt_rand(0, 15)]; // direct dereference of string } } function randomBool() { return [false, true][mt_rand(0, 1)]; // direct dereference of array }const A = 2; const B = A + 1; class C { const STR = "hello"; const STR2 = self::STR + ", world"; }function test($arg = C::STR2)class ConstDemo { const PUBLIC_CONST_A = 1; public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 2; protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 3; private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4; }define('ANIMALS', ['dog', 'cat', 'bird']); echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"class bar { function foo(bar $foo) { } //其中函数foo中的参数规定了传入的参数必须为bar类的实例,否则系统会判断出错。同样对于数组来说,也可以进行判断,比如: function foo(array $foo) { } } foo(array(1, 2, 3)); // 正确,因为传入的是数组 foo(123); // 不正确,传入的不是数组 function add(int $a) { return 1+$a; } var_dump(add(2)); function foo(int $i) { ... } foo(1); // $i = 1 foo(1.0); // $i = 1 foo("1"); // $i = 1 foo("1abc"); // not yet clear, maybe $i = 1 with notice foo(1.5); // not yet clear, maybe $i = 1 with notice foo([]); // error foo("abc"); // errorfunction create_query($where, $order_by, $join_type='', $execute = false, $report_errors = true) { ... }create_query("deleted=0", "name", default, default, false);function add(...$args) { $result = 0; foreach($args as $arg) $result += $arg; return $result; }function test(?string $name) { var_dump($name); }string(5) "tpunt" NULL Uncaught Error: Too few arguments to function test(), 0 passed in...function swap(&$left, &$right) : void { if ($left === $right) { return; } $tmp = $left; $left = $right; $right = $tmp; } $a = 1; $b = 2; var_dump(swap($a, $b), $a, $b);null int(2) int(1)function show(): array { return [1,2,3,4]; } function arraysSum(array ...$arrays): array { return array_map(function(array $array): int { return array_sum($array); }, $arrays); }function add($a, $b, $c) { return $a + $b + $c; } $arr = [2, 3]; add(1, ...$arr);class test{ function show(){ return 'test'; } } echo (new test())->show();foreach ([new Human("Gonzalo"), new Human("Peter")] as $human) { echo $human->{'hello'}(); }function foo(callable $callback) { }foo("false"); //错误,因为false不是callable类型 foo("printf"); //正确 foo(function(){}); //正确 class A { static function show() { } } foo(array("A", "show")); //正确class TimePeriod { public $seconds; public $hours { get { return $this->seconds / 3600; } set { $this->seconds = $value * 3600; } } } $timePeriod = new TimePeriod; $timePeriod->hours = 10; var_dump($timePeriod->seconds); // int(36000) var_dump($timePeriod->hours); // int(10)function *xrange($start, $end, $step = 1) { for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i += $step) { yield $i; } } foreach (xrange(10, 20) as $i) { // ... }$firstNames = [foreach ($users as $user) yield $user->firstName];$firstNames = []; foreach ($users as $user) { $firstNames[] = $user->firstName; }$underageUsers = [foreach ($users as $user) if ($user->age < 18) yield $user];function generator() { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; return "a"; } $generatorClass = ("generator")(); foreach ($generatorClass as $val) { echo $val ." "; } echo $generatorClass->getReturn();function generator1() { yield 1; yield 2; yield from generator2(); yield from generator3(); } function generator2() { yield 3; yield 4; } function generator3() { yield 5; yield 6; } foreach (generator1() as $val) { echo $val, " "; }try { // some code } catch (FirstException | SecondException $e) { // handle first and second exceptions } catch (\Exception $e) { // ... } finally{ // }$array = [ [1, 2], [3, 4], ]; foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) { echo "A: $a; B: $b\n"; }$data = [ ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Tom'], ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Fred'], ]; while (['id' => $id, 'name' => $name] = $data) { // logic here with $id and $name }$data = [ ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Tom'], ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Fred'], ]; while (list('id' => $id, 'name' => $name) = $data) { // logic here with $id and $name }function iterator(iterable $iter) { foreach ($iter as $val) { // } }class Test { public function exposeFunction() { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'privateFunction']); } private function privateFunction($param) { var_dump($param); } } $privFunc = (new Test)->exposeFunction(); $privFunc('some value');string(10) "some value"interface Logger { public function log(string $msg); } class Application { private $logger; public function getLogger(): Logger { return $this->logger; } public function setLogger(Logger $logger) { $this->logger = $logger; } } $app = new Application; $app->setLogger(new class implements Logger { public function log(string $msg) { echo $msg; } }); var_dump($app->getLogger());class Test { public $name = "lixuan"; } //PHP7和PHP5.6都可以 $getNameFunc = function () { return $this->name; }; $name = $getNameFunc->bindTo(new Test, 'Test'); echo $name(); //PHP7可以,PHP5.6报错 $getX = function () { return $this->name; }; echo $getX->call(new Test);SIGHUPfunction test($param){} test();Uncaught Error: Too few arguments to function test(), 0 passed in %s on line %d and exactly 1 expected in %s:%d(function () { 'func_num_args'(); })();Warning: Cannot call func_num_args() dynamically in %s on line %d$array = [0, 1, 2]; foreach ($array as &$val) { var_dump(current($array)); }$array = [0]; foreach ($array as &$val) { var_dump($val); $array[1] = 1; }var_dump("0x123" == "291"); var_dump(is_numeric("0x123")); var_dump("0xe" + "0x1"); var_dump(substr("foo", "0x1"));class C {} $c =& new C;class A { public function test() { var_dump($this); } } // 注意:并没有从类 A 继承 class B { public function callNonStaticMethodOfA() { A::test(); } } (new B)->callNonStaticMethodOfA();echo yield -1; // 在之前版本中会被解释为: echo (yield) - 1; // 现在,它将被解释为: echo yield (-1); yield $foo or die; // 在之前版本中会被解释为: yield ($foo or die); // 现在,它将被解释为: (yield $foo) or die;