SpringBoot中的静态资源访问的实现
一、说在前面的话
我们之间介绍过springboot自动配置的原理,基本上是如下:
xxxxautoconfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件; xxxxproperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
二、静态资源映射规则
1、对哪些目录映射?
classpath:/meta-inf/resources/ classpath:/resources/ classpath:/static/ classpath:/public/ /:当前项目的根路径
2、什么意思?
就我们在上面五个目录下放静态资源(比如:a.js等),可以直接访问(http://localhost:8080/a.js),类似于以前web项目的webapp下;放到其他目录下无法被访问。
3、为什么是那几个目录?
3.1、看源码
我们一起来读下源码,这个是springboot自动配置的webmvcautoconfiguration.java
类来帮我们干的。
@override public void addresourcehandlers(resourcehandlerregistry registry) { if (!this.resourceproperties.isaddmappings()) { logger.debug("default resource handling disabled"); return; } integer cacheperiod = this.resourceproperties.getcacheperiod(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler("/webjars/**") .addresourcelocations( "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/webjars/") .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); } string staticpathpattern = this.mvcproperties.getstaticpathpattern(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern(staticpathpattern)) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler(staticpathpattern) .addresourcelocations( this.resourceproperties.getstaticlocations()) .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); } }
3.2、分析源码
我们重点分析后半截,前半截后面会介绍。
// staticpathpattern是/** string staticpathpattern = this.mvcproperties.getstaticpathpattern(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern(staticpathpattern)) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler(staticpathpattern) .addresourcelocations( this.resourceproperties.getstaticlocations()) .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); } this.resourceproperties.getstaticlocations() ========> resourceproperties public string[] getstaticlocations() { return this.staticlocations; } ========> private string[] staticlocations = resource_locations; ========> private static final string[] resource_locations; private static final string[] servlet_resource_locations = { "/" }; private static final string[] classpath_resource_locations = { "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" }; ========> static { // 可以看到如下是对上面两个数组进行复制操作到一个新数组上,也就是合并。 resource_locations = new string[classpath_resource_locations.length + servlet_resource_locations.length]; system.arraycopy(servlet_resource_locations, 0, resource_locations, 0, servlet_resource_locations.length); system.arraycopy(classpath_resource_locations, 0, resource_locations, servlet_resource_locations.length, classpath_resource_locations.length); } 所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子: registry.addresourcehandler("/**").addresourcelocations( "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/", "/") // 设置缓存时间 .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod));
3.3、一句话概括
webmvcautoconfiguration
类自动为我们注册了如下目录为静态资源目录,也就是说直接可访问到资源的目录。
classpath:/meta-inf/resources/ classpath:/resources/ classpath:/static/ classpath:/public/ /:当前项目的根路径
优先级从上到下。
所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!
4、默认首页
ps:就是直接输入ip:port/项目名称默认进入的页面。
4.1、看源码
webmvcautoconfiguration.java @bean public welcomepagehandlermapping welcomepagehandlermapping( resourceproperties resourceproperties) { return new welcomepagehandlermapping(resourceproperties.getwelcomepage(), this.mvcproperties.getstaticpathpattern()); }
4.2、分析源码
resourceproperties.getwelcomepage() ========> public resource getwelcomepage() { // 遍历默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html的数组 // 比如:[/static/index.html, /public/index.html等等] for (string location : getstaticwelcomepagelocations()) { resource resource = this.resourceloader.getresource(location); try { if (resource.exists()) { resource.geturl(); return resource; } } catch (exception ex) { // ignore } } return null; } ========> // 下面这段代码通俗易懂,就是给默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html并返回,比如:/static/index.html private string[] getstaticwelcomepagelocations() { string[] result = new string[this.staticlocations.length]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) { string location = this.staticlocations[i]; if (!location.endswith("/")) { location = location + "/"; } result[i] = location + "index.html"; } return result; }
所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子:
return new welcomepagehandlermapping( "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/index.html", "classpath:/resources/index.html", "classpath:/static/index.html", "classpath:/public/index.html", "/index.html" , "/**");
4.3、一句话概括
webmvcautoconfiguration
类自动为我们注册了如下文件为默认首页。
classpath:/meta-inf/resources/index.html classpath:/resources/index.html classpath:/static/index.html classpath:/public/index.html /index.html
优先级从上到下。
所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!
5、favicon.ico
ps:就是这个图标。
5.1、看源码
@configuration @conditionalonproperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchifmissing = true) public static class faviconconfiguration { private final resourceproperties resourceproperties; public faviconconfiguration(resourceproperties resourceproperties) { this.resourceproperties = resourceproperties; } @bean public simpleurlhandlermapping faviconhandlermapping() { simpleurlhandlermapping mapping = new simpleurlhandlermapping(); mapping.setorder(ordered.highest_precedence + 1); mapping.seturlmap(collections.singletonmap("**/favicon.ico", faviconrequesthandler())); return mapping; } @bean public resourcehttprequesthandler faviconrequesthandler() { resourcehttprequesthandler requesthandler = new resourcehttprequesthandler(); requesthandler .setlocations(this.resourceproperties.getfaviconlocations()); return requesthandler; } }
5.2、分析源码
// 首先可以看到的是可以设置是否生效,通过参数spring.mvc.favicon.enabled来配置,若无此参数,则默认是生效的。 @conditionalonproperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchifmissing = true) ========》 // 可以看到所有的**/favicon.ico都是在faviconrequesthandler()这个方法里找。 mapping.seturlmap(collections.singletonmap("**/favicon.ico", faviconrequesthandler())); ========》 faviconrequesthandler().this.resourceproperties.getfaviconlocations() // 就是之前的五个静态资源文件夹。 list<resource> getfaviconlocations() { list<resource> locations = new arraylist<resource>( this.staticlocations.length + 1); if (this.resourceloader != null) { for (string location : this.staticlocations) { locations.add(this.resourceloader.getresource(location)); } } locations.add(new classpathresource("/")); return collections.unmodifiablelist(locations); }
5.3、一句话概括
只要把favicon.ico放到如下目录下,就会自动生效。
classpath:/meta-inf/resources/ classpath:/resources/ classpath:/static/ classpath:/public/ /:当前项目的根路径
6、webjars
6.1、看源码
webmvcautoconfiguration @override public void addresourcehandlers(resourcehandlerregistry registry) { if (!this.resourceproperties.isaddmappings()) { logger.debug("default resource handling disabled"); return; } integer cacheperiod = this.resourceproperties.getcacheperiod(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler("/webjars/**") .addresourcelocations( "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/webjars/") .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); } string staticpathpattern = this.mvcproperties.getstaticpathpattern(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern(staticpathpattern)) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler(staticpathpattern) .addresourcelocations( this.resourceproperties.getstaticlocations()) .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); } }
6.2、分析源码
这次我们来分析前半截。
integer cacheperiod = this.resourceproperties.getcacheperiod(); if (!registry.hasmappingforpattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeresourcehandlerregistration( registry.addresourcehandler("/webjars/**") .addresourcelocations( "classpath:/meta-inf/resources/webjars/") .setcacheperiod(cacheperiod)); }
6.3、一句话概括
所有/webjars/**
都从classpath:/meta-inf/resources/webjars/
路径下去找对应的静态资源。
6.4、什么是webjars?
就是以jar包的方式引入静态资源。
官网地址:。类似于maven仓库。
我们可以做个例子,将jquery引入到项目中
<dependency> <groupid>org.webjars</groupid> <artifactid>jquery</artifactid> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency>
看项目依赖
会自动为我们引入jquery,要怎么使用呢?我们上面说过:
所有/webjars/*
都从classpath:/meta-inf/resources/webjars/
路径下去找对应的静态资源。
所以我们启动项目,访问:即可。
必须在这几个路径下springboot才会扫描到!
"classpath:/meta-inf/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
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