C++实现LeetCode(115.不同的子序列)
[leetcode] 115. distinct subsequences 不同的子序列
given a string s and a string t, count the number of distinct subsequences of s which equals t.
a subsequence of a string is a new string which is formed from the original string by deleting some (can be none) of the characters without disturbing the relative positions of the remaining characters. (ie, "ace" is a subsequence of "abcde" while "aec" is not).
example 1:
input: s =
"rabbbit"
, t =
"rabbit"
output: 3
explanation:
as shown below, there are 3 ways you can generate "rabbit" from s.
(the caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)
rabbbit
^^^^ ^^
rabbbit
^^ ^^^^
rabbbit
^^^ ^^^
example 2:
input: s =
"babgbag"
, t =
"bag"
output: 5
explanation:
as shown below, there are 5 ways you can generate "bag" from s.
(the caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)
babgbag
^^ ^
babgbag
^^ ^
babgbag
^ ^^
babgbag
^ ^^
babgbag
^^^
看到有关字符串的子序列或者配准类的问题,首先应该考虑的就是用动态规划 dynamic programming 来求解,这个应成为条件反射。而所有 dp 问题的核心就是找出状态转移方程,想这道题就是递推一个二维的 dp 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示s中范围是 [0, i] 的子串中能组成t中范围是 [0, j] 的子串的子序列的个数。下面我们从题目中给的例子来分析,这个二维 dp 数组应为:
Ø r a b b b i t
Ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
r 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
b 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3
b 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3
i 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
首先,若原字符串和子序列都为空时,返回1,因为空串也是空串的一个子序列。若原字符串不为空,而子序列为空,也返回1,因为空串也是任意字符串的一个子序列。而当原字符串为空,子序列不为空时,返回0,因为非空字符串不能当空字符串的子序列。理清这些,二维数组 dp 的边缘便可以初始化了,下面只要找出状态转移方程,就可以更新整个 dp 数组了。我们通过观察上面的二维数组可以发现,当更新到 dp[i][j] 时,dp[i][j] >= dp[i][j - 1] 总是成立,再进一步观察发现,当 t[i - 1] == s[j - 1] 时,dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + dp[i - 1][j - 1],若不等, dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1],所以,综合以上,递推式为:
dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (t[i - 1] == s[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0)
根据以上分析,可以写出代码如下:
class solution { public: int numdistinct(string s, string t) { int m = s.size(), n = t.size(); vector<vector<long>> dp(n + 1, vector<long>(m + 1)); for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) dp[0][j] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) { dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (t[i - 1] == s[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0); } } return dp[n][m]; } };
github 同步地址:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/distinct-subsequences/discuss/37327/easy-to-understand-dp-in-java
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