Python远程linux执行命令实现
1、远程登录到linux上,使用到的模块paramiko
#远程登陆操作系统 def ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds): try #创建ssh客户端 client = paramiko.sshclient() #第一次ssh远程时会提示输入yes或者no client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.autoaddpolicy()) #密码方式远程连接 client.connect(sys_ip, 22, username=username, password=password, timeout=20) #互信方式远程连接 #key_file = paramiko.rsakey.from_private_key_file("/root/.ssh/id_rsa") #ssh.connect(sys_ip, 22, username=username, pkey=key_file, timeout=20) #执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmds[key]) #获取命令执行结果,返回的数据是一个list result = stdout.readlines() return result except exception, e: print e finally: client.close() if __name__=="__main__": sys_ip = "192.168.0.102" username = "root" password = "1" cmds = "pwd" print ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds)
此处有个主意点,我遇到了,在密码登陆的时候,同样的python连接代码,放在python脚本里面执行就是报下面的错,但是将代码拷贝到python的交互模式下执行就是成功的,这个时候就是需要看下要远程的用户ssh配置是不是只支持键盘交互、密钥验证,如果是这样的话,使用密码远程登录就会报下面的错误
file "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
file "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
raise saved_exception
authenticationexception: authentication failed.
file "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
file "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
raise saved_exception
paramiko.sshexception: no existing session
这个是因为linux会检测远程连接有没有tty(键盘交互),脚本方式运行的时候就没有键盘交互,看网上有在connect加,allow_agent=false,look_for_keys=false这2个参数解决的,但是我的没有解决,ssh.connect('localhost',username=name,password=pw,allow_agent=false,look_for_keys=false)
2、使用ssh,需要使用到shell命令expect
首先创建一个shell脚本remotexect.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect set timeout 2 set local_file [lindex $argv 0] set username [lindex $argv 1] set password [lindex $argv 2] set hostname [lindex $argv 3] set remote_file [lindex $argv 4] spawn scp $local_file $username@$hostname:$remote_file expect { "yes/no"#是为了捕获首次登录,要手动输入yes/no的情况 {send "yes\r";} "password:"#为例捕获需要输入密码的行为 {send "$password\r";} } expect eof
然后在python中执行
import os cpfilecmd = "./remotecp.sh 1.txt root 1 192.168.0.102 /opt/1.txt" os.system(cpfilecmd)
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