保留关键字 (Transact-SQL)

程序员文章站 2022-07-03 09:38:24

https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms189822(v=sql.120).aspx Microsoft SQL Server 将保留关键字用于定义、操作和访问数据库。保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部 ......

https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms189822(v=sql.120).aspx

Microsoft SQL Server 将保留关键字用于定义、操作和访问数据库。保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部分，用于分析和理解 Transact-SQL 语句和批处理。尽管在 Transact-SQL 脚本中使用 SQL Server 保留关键字作为标识符和对象名在语法上是可行的，但规定只能使用分隔标识符。

下表列出了 SQL Server 保留关键字。

add	EXTERNAL	PROCEDURE
ALL	FETCH	PUBLIC
ALTER	FILE	RAISERROR
And	FILLFACTOR	READ
ANY	FOR	READTEXT
As	FOREIGN	RECONFIGURE
ASC	FREETEXT	REFERENCES
AUTHORIZATION	FREETEXTTABLE	REPLICATION
BACKUP	from	RESTORE
BEGIN	FULL	RESTRICT
BETWEEN	FUNCTION	RETURN
BREAK	GOTO	REVERT
BROWSE	GRANT	REVOKE
BULK	GROUP	RIGHT
BY	HAVING	ROLLBACK
CASCADE	HOLDLOCK	ROWCOUNT
Case	IDENTITY	ROWGUIDCOL
CHECK	IDENTITY_INSERT	RULE
CHECKPOINT	IDENTITYCOL	SAVE
close	IF	SCHEMA
CLUSTERED	IN	SECURITYAUDIT
COALESCE	INDEX	SELECT
COLLATE	INNER	SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE
COLUMN	INSERT	SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE
COMMIT	INTERSECT	SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE
COMPUTE	INTO	SESSION_USER
CONSTRAINT	is	SET
CONTAINS	JOIN	SETUSER
CONTAINSTABLE	KEY	SHUTDOWN
CONTINUE	KILL	SOME
CONVERT	LEFT	STATISTICS
CREATE	LIKE	SYSTEM_USER
CROSS	LINENO	TABLE
CURRENT	LOAD	TABLESAMPLE
CURRENT_DATE	MERGE	TEXTSIZE
CURRENT_TIME	NATIONAL	THEN
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	NOCHECK	目标
CURRENT_USER	NONCLUSTERED	TOP
CURSOR	NOT	TRAN
DATABASE	NULL	TRANSACTION
DBCC	NULLIF	Trigger
DEALLOCATE	OF	TRUNCATE
DECLARE	OFF	TRY_CONVERT
DEFAULT	OFFSETS	TSEQUAL
delete	ON	UNION
DENY	OPEN	UNIQUE
DESC	OPENDATASOURCE	UNPIVOT
DISK	OPENQUERY	UPDATE
DISTINCT	OPENROWSET	UPDATETEXT
DISTRIBUTED	OPENXML	USE
DOUBLE	OPTION	USER
DROP	OR	VALUES
DUMP	ORDER	VARYING
Else	OUTER	View
END	OVER	WAITFOR
ERRLVL	PERCENT	WHEN
ESCAPE	PIVOT	WHERE
EXCEPT	PLAN	WHILE
EXEC	PRECISION	WITH
EXECUTE	PRIMARY	WITHIN GROUP
EXISTS	PRINT	WRITETEXT
EXIT	PROC

此外，ISO 标准定义了保留关键字列表。不要使用 ISO 保留关键字作为对象名和标识符。 ODBC 保留关键字列表（如下表所示）与 ISO 保留关键字列表相同。

注意
ISO 标准保留关键字有时可能比 SQL Server 限制更多，有时则更少。例如，ISO 保留关键字列表包含 INT。 SQL Server 不必将此区分为保留关键字。

Transact-SQL 保留关键字可用作数据库或数据库对象（如表、列、视图等）的标识符或名称。使用带引号的标识符或分隔标识符。不限制将保留关键字用作变量和存储过程参数的名称。

ODBC 保留关键字

保留了下列关键字以用于 ODBC 函数调用。这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法；然而，为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容，应用程序应避免使用这些关键字。

下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。

ABSOLUTE	EXEC	OVERLAPS
ACTION	EXECUTE	PAD
ADA	EXISTS	PARTIAL
ADD	EXTERNAL	PASCAL
ALL	EXTRACT	POSITION
ALLOCATE	FALSE	PRECISION
ALTER	FETCH	PREPARE
AND	FIRST	PRESERVE
ANY	FLOAT	PRIMARY
ARE	FOR	PRIOR
AS	FOREIGN	PRIVILEGES
ASC	FORTRAN	PROCEDURE
ASSERTION	FOUND	PUBLIC
AT	FROM	READ
AUTHORIZATION	FULL	REAL
AVG	GET	REFERENCES
BEGIN	GLOBAL	RELATIVE
BETWEEN	GO	RESTRICT
BIT	GOTO	REVOKE
BIT_LENGTH	GRANT	RIGHT
BOTH	GROUP	ROLLBACK
BY	HAVING	ROWS
CASCADE	HOUR	SCHEMA
CASCADED	IDENTITY	SCROLL
CASE	IMMEDIATE	SECOND
CAST	IN	SECTION
CATALOG	INCLUDE	SELECT
CHAR	INDEX	SESSION
CHAR_LENGTH	INDICATOR	SESSION_USER
CHARACTER	INITIALLY	SET
CHARACTER_LENGTH	INNER	SIZE
CHECK	INPUT	SMALLINT
CLOSE	INSENSITIVE	SOME
COALESCE	INSERT	SPACE
COLLATE	INT	SQL
COLLATION	INTEGER	SQLCA
COLUMN	INTERSECT	SQLCODE
COMMIT	INTERVAL	SQLERROR
CONNECT	INTO	SQLSTATE
CONNECTION	IS	SQLWARNING
CONSTRAINT	ISOLATION	SUBSTRING
CONSTRAINTS	JOIN	SUM
CONTINUE	KEY	SYSTEM_USER
CONVERT	LANGUAGE	TABLE
CORRESPONDING	LAST	TEMPORARY
COUNT	LEADING	THEN
CREATE	LEFT	TIME
CROSS	LEVEL	TIMESTAMP
CURRENT	LIKE	TIMEZONE_HOUR
CURRENT_DATE	LOCAL	TIMEZONE_MINUTE
CURRENT_TIME	LOWER	TO
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	MATCH	TRAILING
CURRENT_USER	MAX	TRANSACTION
CURSOR	MIN	TRANSLATE
DATE	MINUTE	TRANSLATION
DAY	MODULE	TRIM
DEALLOCATE	MONTH	TRUE
DEC	NAMES	UNION
DECIMAL	NATIONAL	UNIQUE
DECLARE	NATURAL	UNKNOWN
DEFAULT	NCHAR	UPDATE
DEFERRABLE	NEXT	UPPER
DEFERRED	NO	USAGE
DELETE	NONE	USER
DESC	NOT	USING
DESCRIBE	NULL	VALUE
DESCRIPTOR	NULLIF	VALUES
DIAGNOSTICS	NUMERIC	VARCHAR
DISCONNECT	OCTET_LENGTH	VARYING
DISTINCT	OF	VIEW
DOMAIN	ON	WHEN
DOUBLE	ONLY	WHENEVER
DROP	OPEN	WHERE
ELSE	OPTION	WITH
END	OR	WORK
END-EXEC	ORDER	WRITE
ESCAPE	OUTER	YEAR
EXCEPT	OUTPUT	ZONE
EXCEPTION

将来的关键字

下列关键字可能会在将来的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用，作为将来要实现的新功能。注意，不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。

ABSOLUTE

HOST

RELATIVE

ACTION

HOUR

RELEASE

ADMIN

IGNORE

RESULT

AFTER

IMMEDIATE

RETURNS

AGGREGATE

INDICATOR

ROLE

Alias

INITIALIZE

ROLLUP

ALLOCATE

INITIALLY

ROUTINE

ARE

INOUT

ROW

ARRAY

INPUT

ROWS

ASENSITIVE

INT

SAVEPOINT

ASSERTION

INTEGER

SCROLL

ASYMMETRIC

INTERSECTION

SCOPE

INTERVAL

ATOMIC

ISOLATION

SECOND

BEFORE

ITERATE

SECTION

BINARY

LANGUAGE

SENSITIVE

BIT

LARGE

SEQUENCE

BLOB

LAST

SESSION

BOOLEAN

LATERAL

SETS

BOTH

LEADING

SIMILAR

BREADTH

LESS

SIZE

CALL

LEVEL

SMALLINT

CALLED

LIKE_REGEX

SPACE

CARDINALITY

LIMIT

SPECIFIC

CASCADED

SPECIFICTYPE

CAST

LOCAL

SQL

CATALOG

LOCALTIME

SQLEXCEPTION

CHAR

LOCALTIMESTAMP

SQLSTATE

CHARACTER

LOCATOR

SQLWARNING

CLASS

MAP

START

CLOB

MATCH

状态

COLLATION

MEMBER

STATEMENT

COLLECT

METHOD

STATIC

COMPLETION

MINUTE

STDDEV_POP

CONDITION

MOD

STDDEV_SAMP

CONNECT

MODIFIES

STRUCTURE

CONNECTION

MODIFY

SUBMULTISET

CONSTRAINTS

MODULE

SUBSTRING_REGEX

CONSTRUCTOR

MONTH

SYMMETRIC

CORR

MULTISET

SYSTEM

CORRESPONDING

NAMES

TEMPORARY

COVAR_POP

NATURAL

TERMINATE

COVAR_SAMP

NCHAR

THAN

CUBE

NCLOB

TIME

CUME_DIST

NEW

TIMESTAMP

CURRENT_CATALOG

TIMEZONE_HOUR

CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP

TIMEZONE_MINUTE

CURRENT_PATH

NONE

TRAILING

CURRENT_ROLE

NORMALIZE

TRANSLATE_REGEX

CURRENT_SCHEMA

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