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java序列化与反序列化

程序员文章站 2022-07-02 12:22:20
Java序列化(创建可复用的Java对象) 保持(持久化)对象及其状态到内存或磁盘 Java平台允许我们在内存中创建可复用的Java对象,但一般情况下,只有当JVM处于运行时,这些对象才可能存在,即这些对象的生命周期不会比JVM的生命周期更长。但在现实应用中,就可能要求在JVM停止运行之后能够保存( ......

1.定义

  • 序列化:将java对象转换为二进制字节流
  • 反序列化:将二进制字节流转换为java对象

2.实现序列化的方式

  • 实现Serializable接口(transient关键字修饰的字段不会被序列化和反序列化)

3.序列化和反序列化测试

package com.example.demo.srializable;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private transient String id;

    private String name;

    private String sex;

    private int age;


}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId("1");
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setAge(20);
        System.out.println(user);

        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null;
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
        try {
            objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("D://User")));
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(user);

            objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D://User")));
            User user2 = (User) objectInputStream.readObject();
            System.out.println(user2);
        } finally {
            objectOutputStream.close();
            objectInputStream.close();
        }
    }

打印结果:
java序列化与反序列化可以看到,id字段被transient修饰的,所以反序列化后的值为null。

4.关于serialVersionUID

  • serialVersionUID是用来反序列化时验证对象是否一致的

现在我们将User对象中的serialVersionUID改为2,然后直接反序列化之前的文件。

private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
        try {
            objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D://User")));
            User user2 = (User) objectInputStream.readObject();
            System.out.println(user2);
        } finally {
            objectInputStream.close();
        }
    }
Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.example.demo.srializable.User; local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = 1, local class serialVersionUID = 2
	at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:616)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1829)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1713)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1986)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1535)
	at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:422)
	at com.example.demo.srializable.Test.main(Test.java:16)

可以看到,反序列化时直接报错了,提示serialVersionUID不一致。

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34857603/article/details/107676687

相关标签: java