docke自定义网络之容器互联

前言

在前几期我们介绍了 容器间的互联可以使用 –link 参数进行设置，这样可以在容器内不只访问ip，也可以访问对应设置的 域名。先温习下。操作之前先清除所有的容器。

–link

# 清除所有容器
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker stop $(docker ps -aq) && docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
88f8f241ca30
765ed1889bfa

$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker run -it --name=mybusy02 -d busybox
82aff31e56f3913b3fa883a08ec95960eff88fc9977360a67264c0d53180844b
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker run -it --name mybusy --link mybusy02:mybusy-net -d busybox
b77e9762314f868518f799d3c572dec0b2ce13a684de072fb9f9e925135f6459

$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker exec -it mybusy ping mybusy-net
ping mybusy-net (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.131 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms

$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker exec -it mybusy cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2	mybusy-net 09a4b97fc09d mybusy02    # 我们发现在hosts文件中加入了mybusy02
172.17.0.3	c73be07d21fb

我们发现是互联了，但是如果mybusy02 想ping 通 mybusy 还需要一个–link。所以就很麻烦，而且官方也推荐我们不要使用 --link 这个参数了。

docker 0 不支持容器名访问接下来我们就到了今天的重头戏，自定义网络了。

自定义网络

# 主要涉及到的命令
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network --help

usage:  docker network command

manage networks

commands:
  connect     connect a container to a network
  create      create a network
  disconnect  disconnect a container from a network
  inspect     display detailed information on one or more networks
  ls          list networks
  prune       remove all unused networks
  rm          remove one or more networks

run 'docker network command --help' for more information on a command.
# 这是默认的网络方式 brudge 就是docker 0的网桥
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network ls
network id     name      driver    scope
cf05ea05d3bd   bridge    bridge    local
0ab28e475dc6   host      host      local
e4c628cc77db   none      null      local

我们来使用create来创建自己的网桥网络。基础

# --driver 设置network类型  --subnet 设置子网  /16 = 255*255 个ip 减去0.0 和 255.255 约等于65535
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network create --driver=bridge --subnet=192.168.0.0/16 my-net
1b668a5439b207d2080d95bffe829139cfa2456d691c8019a245e7f9d5a56970
root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network ls
network id     name      driver    scope
cf05ea05d3bd   bridge    bridge    local
0ab28e475dc6   host      host      local
1b668a5439b2   my-net    bridge    local
e4c628cc77db   none      null      local

# 查看网络信息
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network inspect my-net
[
    {
        "name": "my-net",
        "id": "1b668a5439b207d2080d95bffe829139cfa2456d691c8019a245e7f9d5a56970",
        "created": "2021-12-01t09:47:21.410882291+08:00",
        "scope": "local",
        "driver": "bridge",
        "enableipv6": false,
        "ipam": {
            "driver": "default",
            "options": {},
            "config": [
                {
                    "subnet": "192.168.0.0/16"
                }
            ]
        },
        "internal": false,
        "attachable": false,
        "ingress": false,
        "configfrom": {
            "network": ""
        },
        "configonly": false,
        "containers": {},
        "options": {},
        "labels": {}
    }
]

上面我们介绍了创建网络的方法以及查看的方法 接下来看看使用的方法

# 创建mybusy 容器设置 my-net网络
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker run -it --name mybusy --net=my-net -d busybox
180fbc8b04627762a896d8a85d8cb67063c01a0f3ad8a11352ab4695b022c272
# 创建mybusy02 容器设置 my-net网络 
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker run -it --name mybusy02 --net=my-net -d busybox
3c08d592537a9593c960c9664b4724521658f26be7b658a6483e6fbfe30b58a7
# 在容器mybusy ping mybusy02 通了
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker exec -it mybusy ping mybusy02
ping mybusy02 (192.168.0.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms

这时我们发现 他们两互相ping通了，这就很完美了。再来看看下面的 my-net 的网络配置

root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network inspect my-net 
[
    {
        "name": "my-net",
        "id": "1b668a5439b207d2080d95bffe829139cfa2456d691c8019a245e7f9d5a56970",
        "created": "2021-12-01t09:47:21.410882291+08:00",
        "scope": "local",
        "driver": "bridge",
        "enableipv6": false,
        "ipam": {
            "driver": "default",
            "options": {},
            "config": [
                {
                    "subnet": "192.168.0.0/16"
                }
            ]
        },
        "internal": false,
        "attachable": false,
        "ingress": false,
        "configfrom": {
            "network": ""
        },
        "configonly": false,
        "containers": {   # 这时我们发现 这两个容器已经加入到这个网络中了
            "180fbc8b04627762a896d8a85d8cb67063c01a0f3ad8a11352ab4695b022c272": {
                "name": "mybusy",
                "endpointid": "12929182af47e619e3405cab9981ea1671a2bc31f77d3aa589ebcf2c912c12bc",
                "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02",
                "ipv4address": "192.168.0.2/16",
                "ipv6address": ""
            },
            "3c08d592537a9593c960c9664b4724521658f26be7b658a6483e6fbfe30b58a7": {
                "name": "mybusy02",
                "endpointid": "61b08372535d751cee726fc01d4e300390e2a090dba20f1d21ba96385a7a621e",
                "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03",
                "ipv4address": "192.168.0.3/16",
                "ipv6address": ""
            }
        },
        "options": {},
        "labels": {}
    }
]

提问

在不同网络的配置下的容器可以互联吗？

答案是可以的。我们可以使用 docker network connect 指令，以下为操作步骤

# 首先查看当前存在同一个网络中mybusy mybusy02 两个容器
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
container id   image     command   created         status         ports     names
3c08d592537a   busybox   "sh"      8 minutes ago   up 8 minutes             mybusy02
180fbc8b0462   busybox   "sh"      8 minutes ago   up 8 minutes             mybusy
# 创建一个在默认网络中的 mybusy03
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker run -it --name mybusy03  -d busybox
a95b57c96f400ed44efffcc938bccce15830fa1ab5b55716261e4588c14429cb
# 查看当前的容器
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker ps 
container id   image     command   created          status          ports     names
a95b57c96f40   busybox   "sh"      21 seconds ago   up 21 seconds             mybusy03
3c08d592537a   busybox   "sh"      8 minutes ago    up 8 minutes              mybusy02
180fbc8b0462   busybox   "sh"      9 minutes ago    up 9 minutes              mybusy
# 尝试从 mybusy ping mybusy03 发现是ping 不通的 因为不在同一网端中
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker exec -it mybusy ping mybusy03
ping: bad address 'mybusy03'
# 这时我们查看docker network connect --help 命令查看
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network connect --help

usage:  docker network connect [options] network container

connect a container to a network

options:
      --alias strings           add network-scoped alias for the container
      --driver-opt strings      driver options for the network
      --ip string               ipv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string              ipv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --link list               add link to another container
      --link-local-ip strings   add a link-local address for the container
# 将mybusy03 加入到 my-net 网络中
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker network connect my-net mybusy03
# 这时我们再 ping 发现通了。是不是很神奇
$root@vm-8-11-ubuntu:~# docker exec -it mybusy ping mybusy03
ping mybusy03 (192.168.0.4): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.4: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.197 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.4: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms

这时我们查看网络发现 mybusy03 已经加入到 my-net中去了。所以就可以ping 通了。

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