OpenStack之虚机热迁移的代码详细解析

话说虚机迁移分为冷迁移以及热迁移，所谓热迁移用度娘的话说即是：热迁移（live migration，又叫动态迁移、实时迁移），即虚机保存/恢复(save/restore)：将整个虚拟机的运行状态完整保存下来，同时可以快速的恢复到原有硬件平台甚至是不同硬件平台上。恢复以后，虚机仍旧平滑运行，用户不会察觉到任何差异。openstack的虚机迁移是基于libvirt实现的，下面来看看openstack虚机热迁移的具体代码实现。

首先，由api入口进入到nova/api/openstack/compute/contrib/admin_actions.py

@wsgi.action('os-migratelive')
  def _migrate_live(self, req, id, body):
    """permit admins to (live) migrate a server to a new host."""
    context = req.environ["nova.context"]
    authorize(context, 'migratelive')

    try:
      block_migration = body["os-migratelive"]["block_migration"]
      disk_over_commit = body["os-migratelive"]["disk_over_commit"]
      host = body["os-migratelive"]["host"]
    except (typeerror, keyerror):
      msg = _("host, block_migration and disk_over_commit must "
          "be specified for live migration.")
      raise exc.httpbadrequest(explanation=msg)

    try:
      block_migration = strutils.bool_from_string(block_migration,
                            strict=true)
      disk_over_commit = strutils.bool_from_string(disk_over_commit,
                             strict=true)
    except valueerror as err:
      raise exc.httpbadrequest(explanation=str(err))

    try:
      instance = self.compute_api.get(context, id, want_objects=true)
      self.compute_api.live_migrate(context, instance, block_migration,
                     disk_over_commit, host)
    except (exception.computeserviceunavailable,
        exception.invalidhypervisortype,
        exception.unabletomigratetoself,
        exception.destinationhypervisortooold,
        exception.novalidhost,
        exception.invalidlocalstorage,
        exception.invalidsharedstorage,
        exception.migrationprecheckerror) as ex:
      raise exc.httpbadrequest(explanation=ex.format_message())
    except exception.instancenotfound as e:
      raise exc.httpnotfound(explanation=e.format_message())
    except exception.instanceinvalidstate as state_error:
      common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
          'os-migratelive')
    except exception:
      if host is none:
        msg = _("live migration of instance %s to another host "
            "failed") % id
      else:
        msg = _("live migration of instance %(id)s to host %(host)s "
            "failed") % {'id': id, 'host': host}
      log.exception(msg)
      # return messages from scheduler
      raise exc.httpbadrequest(explanation=msg)

    return webob.response(status_int=202)

   这里第一行可以看到是与api文档的第二行照应的：
  

 {
  "os-migratelive": {
    "host": "0443e9a1254044d8b99f35eace132080",
    "block_migration": false,
    "disk_over_commit": false
  }
}

好了，源码中其实执行迁移工作的就是第26、27行的一条语句：

self.compute_api.live_migrate(context, instance, block_migration,
                 disk_over_commit, host)

由这句进入到nova/compute/api.py中，源码如下：

@check_instance_cell
  @check_instance_state(vm_state=[vm_states.active])
  def live_migrate(self, context, instance, block_migration,
           disk_over_commit, host_name):
    """migrate a server lively to a new host."""
    log.debug(_("going to try to live migrate instance to %s"),
         host_name or "another host", instance=instance)

    instance.task_state = task_states.migrating
    instance.save(expected_task_state=[none])

    self.compute_task_api.live_migrate_instance(context, instance,
        host_name, block_migration=block_migration,
        disk_over_commit=disk_over_commit)

第2行是一个装饰器，用于在进入api方法之前，检测虚拟机和/或任务的状态， 如果实例处于错误的状态，将会引发异常；接下来实时迁移虚机到新的主机，并将虚机状态置于“migrating”,然后由12行进入nova/conductor/api.py

def live_migrate_instance(self, context, instance, host_name,
                block_migration, disk_over_commit):
     scheduler_hint = {'host': host_name}
     self._manager.migrate_server(
       context, instance, scheduler_hint, true, false, none,
       block_migration, disk_over_commit, none)

将主机名存入字典scheduler_hint中，然后调用nova/conductor/manager.py方法migrate_server,

def migrate_server(self, context, instance, scheduler_hint, live, rebuild,
      flavor, block_migration, disk_over_commit, reservations=none):
    if instance and not isinstance(instance, instance_obj.instance):
      # note(danms): until v2 of the rpc api, we need to tolerate
      # old-world instance objects here
      attrs = ['metadata', 'system_metadata', 'info_cache',
           'security_groups']
      instance = instance_obj.instance._from_db_object(
        context, instance_obj.instance(), instance,
        expected_attrs=attrs)
    if live and not rebuild and not flavor:
      self._live_migrate(context, instance, scheduler_hint,
                block_migration, disk_over_commit)
    elif not live and not rebuild and flavor:
      instance_uuid = instance['uuid']
      with compute_utils.eventreporter(context, self.db,
                     'cold_migrate', instance_uuid):
        self._cold_migrate(context, instance, flavor,
                  scheduler_hint['filter_properties'],
                  reservations)
    else:
      raise notimplementederror()

由于在nova/conductor/api.py中传过来的参数是

self._manager.migrate_server(
       context, instance, scheduler_hint, true, false, none,
       block_migration, disk_over_commit, none)

因此live是true，rebuild是flase,flavor是none，执行第12、13行代码：

 if live and not rebuild and not flavor:
       self._live_migrate(context, instance, scheduler_hint,
                block_migration, disk_over_commit) 
　_live_migrate代码如下：
def _live_migrate(self, context, instance, scheduler_hint,
           block_migration, disk_over_commit):
    destination = scheduler_hint.get("host")
    try:
      live_migrate.execute(context, instance, destination,
               block_migration, disk_over_commit)
    except (exception.novalidhost,
        exception.computeserviceunavailable,
        exception.invalidhypervisortype,
        exception.invalidcpuinfo,
        exception.unabletomigratetoself,
        exception.destinationhypervisortooold,
        exception.invalidlocalstorage,
        exception.invalidsharedstorage,
        exception.hypervisorunavailable,
        exception.migrationprecheckerror) as ex:
      with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
        #todo(johngarbutt) - eventually need instance actions here
        request_spec = {'instance_properties': {
          'uuid': instance['uuid'], },
        }
        scheduler_utils.set_vm_state_and_notify(context,
            'compute_task', 'migrate_server',
            dict(vm_state=instance['vm_state'],
               task_state=none,
               expected_task_state=task_states.migrating,),
            ex, request_spec, self.db)
    except exception as ex:
      log.error(_('migration of instance %(instance_id)s to host'
            ' %(dest)s unexpectedly failed.'),
            {'instance_id': instance['uuid'], 'dest': destination},
            exc_info=true)
      raise exception.migrationerror(reason=ex)

首先，第三行中将主机名赋给destination,然后执行迁移，后面的都是异常的捕捉，执行迁移的代码分为两部分，先看第一部分，在nova/conductor/tasks/live_migrate.py的184行左右：

def execute(context, instance, destination,
      block_migration, disk_over_commit):
  task = livemigrationtask(context, instance,
               destination,
               block_migration,
               disk_over_commit)
  #todo(johngarbutt) create a superclass that contains a safe_execute call
  return task.execute()

先创建包含安全执行回调的超类，然后返回如下函数也即执行迁移的第二部分代码，在54行左右：

def execute(self):
    self._check_instance_is_running()
    self._check_host_is_up(self.source)

    if not self.destination:
      self.destination = self._find_destination()
    else:
      self._check_requested_destination()

    #todo(johngarbutt) need to move complexity out of compute manager
    return self.compute_rpcapi.live_migration(self.context,
        host=self.source,
        instance=self.instance,
        dest=self.destination,
        block_migration=self.block_migration,
        migrate_data=self.migrate_data)
        #todo(johngarbutt) disk_over_commit?

这里有三部分内容：

如果目前主机不存在，则由调度算法选取一个目标主机，并且进行相关的检测，确保能够进行实时迁移操作；

如果目标主机存在，则直接进行相关的检测操作，确保能够进行实时迁移操作；

执行迁移操作。

前两部分不再赘述，直接看第三部分代码，在nova/compute/rpcapi.py中：

def live_migration(self, ctxt, instance, dest, block_migration, host,
            migrate_data=none):
    # note(russellb) havana compat
    version = self._get_compat_version('3.0', '2.0')
    instance_p = jsonutils.to_primitive(instance)
    cctxt = self.client.prepare(server=host, version=version)
    cctxt.cast(ctxt, 'live_migration', instance=instance_p,
          dest=dest, block_migration=block_migration,
          migrate_data=migrate_data)

热迁移开始执行：

def live_migration(self, context, instance, dest,
            post_method, recover_method, block_migration=false,
            migrate_data=none):
    """spawning live_migration operation for distributing high-load.

    :param context: security context
    :param instance:
      nova.db.sqlalchemy.models.instance object
      instance object that is migrated.
    :param dest: destination host
    :param post_method:
      post operation method.
      expected nova.compute.manager.post_live_migration.
    :param recover_method:
      recovery method when any exception occurs.
      expected nova.compute.manager.recover_live_migration.
    :param block_migration: if true, do block migration.
    :param migrate_data: implementation specific params

    """

    greenthread.spawn(self._live_migration, context, instance, dest,
             post_method, recover_method, block_migration,
             migrate_data)

这个方法中建立一个绿色线程来运行方法_live_migration，来执行实时迁移； 主要是调用libvirt python接口方法virdomainmigratetouri，来实现从当前主机迁移domain对象到给定的目标主机；

spawn：建立一个绿色线程来运行方法“func(*args, **kwargs)”，这里就是来运行方法_live_migration；

 _live_migration：执行实时迁移； 主要是调用libvirt python接口方法virdomainmigratetouri，来实现从当前主机迁移domain对象到给定的目标主机；

接着在绿色线程中调用_live_migration方法：

def _live_migration(self, context, instance, dest, post_method,
            recover_method, block_migration=false,
            migrate_data=none):
    """do live migration.

    :param context: security context
    :param instance:
      nova.db.sqlalchemy.models.instance object
      instance object that is migrated.
    :param dest: destination host
    :param post_method:
      post operation method.
      expected nova.compute.manager.post_live_migration.
    :param recover_method:
      recovery method when any exception occurs.
      expected nova.compute.manager.recover_live_migration.
    :param block_migration: if true, do block migration.
    :param migrate_data: implementation specific params
    """

    # do live migration.
    try:
      if block_migration:
        flaglist = conf.libvirt.block_migration_flag.split(',')
      else:
        flaglist = conf.libvirt.live_migration_flag.split(',')
      flagvals = [getattr(libvirt, x.strip()) for x in flaglist]
      logical_sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x | y, flagvals)

      dom = self._lookup_by_name(instance["name"])
      dom.migratetouri(conf.libvirt.live_migration_uri % dest,
               logical_sum,
               none,
               conf.libvirt.live_migration_bandwidth)

    except exception as e:
      with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
        log.error(_("live migration failure: %s"), e,
             instance=instance)
        recover_method(context, instance, dest, block_migration)

    # waiting for completion of live_migration.
    timer = loopingcall.fixedintervalloopingcall(f=none)

if block_migration:
         flaglist = conf.libvirt.block_migration_flag.split(',')

这个获取块迁移标志列表，block_migration_flag：这个参数定义了为块迁移设置迁移标志。 

else:
         flaglist = conf.libvirt.live_migration_flag.split(',')
       flagvals = [getattr(libvirt, x.strip()) for x in flaglist]
      logical_sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x | y, flagvals)

这部分获取实时迁移标志列表，live_migration_flag这个参数定义了实时迁移的迁移标志。

 dom = self._lookup_by_name(instance["name"])

根据给定的实例名称检索libvirt域对象。

 timer = loopingcall.fixedintervalloopingcall(f=none)

获取等待完成实时迁移的时间。

热迁移代码部分至此结束。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。