Python中的xlrd模块使用整理

1.简述：

xlrd是读取excel表格数据；

支持 xlsx和xls 格式的excel表格；

三方模块安装方式：pip3 install xlrd；

模块导入方式： import xlrd

2.xlrd模块的基本操作

xler的操作主要分两步：
其一时获取book对象，
其二book对象再次进行excel的读取操作。

2.1打开excel文件获取book对象

xlrd.open_workbook(filename[,logfile,file_contents,…])

如果filename 文件名不存在，则会报错 filenotfounderror。

如果filename 文件名存在，则会返回一个xrld.book.book 对象。 import xlrd

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\银联测试案例.xls")
print(workbook)

2.2获取xlrd.book.book 对象中的所有sheet名称

names = workbook.sheet_names()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
names = workbook.sheet_names()
print(names)

2.3获取xlrd.book.book对象中的所有sheet对象

sheets = workbook.sheets()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
names = workbook.sheets()
print(names)

获取单个的sheet页对象

三种方式 ：

第一种 worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index()
第二种 worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name()
第三种 worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\lw\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

print(worksheet1,worksheet2,worksheet3)

2.4判断xlrd.book.book对象中某个sheet对象是否导入

通过文件名

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\lw\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
print(workbook.sheet_loaded("公司分部"))

通过索引

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\lw\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()
print(workbook.sheet_loaded(0))

3.sheet对象的基本操作

3.1行操作

①获取所有行数

rows = sheet.nrows 特别注意，这是属性而不是方法，不加括号。

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\lw\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

print(worksheet1.nrows)

②获取某行的数据，值为列表形式

value = sheet.row_values()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\lw\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

value = worksheet1.row_values(1)
print(value)

③获取某行的类型及数据

sheet.row()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

value = worksheet1.row(1)
print(value)

④获取某行的类型的列表

sheet.row_types()

单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

value = worksheet1.row_types(1)
print(value)

⑤以切片形式获取某行的类型及数据

sheet.row_slice() 记录分隔符为\n

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

value = worksheet1.row_slice(1)
print(value)

⑥获取某行的长度

sheet.len()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

value = worksheet1.row_len(1)
print(value)

⑦获取sheet的所有生成器

sheet.get_rows()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

row = worksheet1.get_rows()
for one in row:
    print(one)

3.2列操作

①获取有效列数

sheet.cols 注意：此处为属性不加括号

②获取某列数据

sheet.values()

③获取某列类型

sheet.types()

单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；

④以slice切片方式获取某列数据

sheet.value_slice()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
sheets = workbook.sheets()

worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name("公司分部")
worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

cols = worksheet1.col
value = worksheet1.col_values(0)
type = worksheet1.col_types(0)
valuesl = worksheet1.col_slice(0)

print(cols)
print("----------------------")
print(value)
print("----------------------")
print(type)
print("----------------------")
print(valuesl)

3.3单元格操作

①获取单元格数据对象。 sheet.cell(rowx,colx)类型为xlrd.sheet.cell

②获取单元格类型。sheet.cell_type(rowx,colx)

单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；

③获取单元格数据。

sheet.cell_value(rowx,colx)

3.4对单元格中的日期/时间操作

单元类型ctype：empty为0，string为1，number为2，date为3，boolean为4， error为5（左边为类型，右边为类型对应的值）；

①xlrd.xldate_as_tuple()

“{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}”.format(date[0],date[1],date[2])

②xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(value,mode).strftime(“%y-%m-%d”)

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook("c:\\users\li\desktop\测试用例.xlsx")
import datetime

sheet2_object = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
value_type = sheet2_object.cell(0, 1).ctype
value_type = sheet2_object.cell_value(1, 4)

data = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(value_type,0)
print(data.strftime("%y-%m-%d"))

date = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_tuple(value_type,0)
print("{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}".format(date[0],date[1],date[2]))

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