hive学习笔记之八:Sqoop
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2022-06-25 22:31:59
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内容:所有原创文章分类汇总及配套源码,涉及java、docker、kubernetes、devops等;
关于sqoop
sqoop是apache开源项目,用于在hadoop和关系型数据库之间高效传输大量数据,本文将与您一起实践以下内容:
- 部署sqoop
- 用sqoop将hive表数据导出至mysql
- 用sqoop将mysql数据导入到hive表
部署
- 在hadoop账号的家目录下载sqoop的1.4.7版本:
wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/sqoop/1.4.7/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
- 解压:
tar -zxvf sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
- 解压后得到文件夹sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0,将mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar复制到sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/lib目录下
- 进入目录sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/conf,将sqoop-env-template.sh改名为sqoop-env.sh:
mv sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh
- 用编辑器打开sqoop-env.sh,增加下面三个配置,hadoop_common_home和hadoop_mapred_home是完整的hadoop路径,hive_home是完整的hive路径:
export hadoop_common_home=/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7 export hadoop_mapred_home=/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7 export hive_home=/home/hadoop/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin
- 安装和配置完成了,进入sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/bin,执行./sqoop version查看sqoop版本,如下所示,可见是1.4.7版本(有些环境变量没配置会输出告警,在此先忽略):
[hadoop@node0 bin]$ ./sqoop version warning: /home/hadoop/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/bin/../../hbase does not exist! hbase imports will fail. please set $hbase_home to the root of your hbase installation. warning: /home/hadoop/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/bin/../../hcatalog does not exist! hcatalog jobs will fail. please set $hcat_home to the root of your hcatalog installation. warning: /home/hadoop/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/bin/../../accumulo does not exist! accumulo imports will fail. please set $accumulo_home to the root of your accumulo installation. warning: /home/hadoop/sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0/bin/../../zookeeper does not exist! accumulo imports will fail. please set $zookeeper_home to the root of your zookeeper installation. 20/11/02 12:02:58 info sqoop.sqoop: running sqoop version: 1.4.7 sqoop 1.4.7 git commit id 2328971411f57f0cb683dfb79d19d4d19d185dd8 compiled by maugli on thu dec 21 15:59:58 std 2017
- sqoop装好之后,接下来体验其功能
mysql准备
为了接下来的实战,需要把mysql准备好,这里给出的mysql的配置供您参考:
- mysql版本:5.7.29
- mysql服务器ip:192.168.50.43
- mysql服务端口:3306
- 账号:root
- 密码:123456
- 数据库名:sqoop
关于mysql部署,我这为了省事儿,是用docker部署的,参考《群晖ds218+部署mysql》
从hive导入mysql(export)
- 执行以下命令,将hive的数据导入到mysql:
./sqoop export \ --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.43:3306/sqoop \ --table address \ --username root \ --password 123456 \ --export-dir '/user/hive/warehouse/address' \ --fields-terminated-by ','
- 查看address表,数据已经导入:
从mysql导入hive(import)
- 在hive的命令行模式执行以下语句,新建名为address2的表结构和address一模一样:
create table address2 (addressid int, province string, city string) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
- 执行以下命令,将mysql的address表的数据导入到hive的address2表,-m 2表示启动2个map任务:
./sqoop import \ --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.43:3306/sqoop \ --table address \ --username root \ --password 123456 \ --target-dir '/user/hive/warehouse/address2' \ -m 2
- 执行完毕后,控制台输入类似以下内容:
virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=4169867264 total committed heap usage (bytes)=121765888 file input format counters bytes read=0 file output format counters bytes written=94 20/11/02 16:09:22 info mapreduce.importjobbase: transferred 94 bytes in 16.8683 seconds (5.5726 bytes/sec) 20/11/02 16:09:22 info mapreduce.importjobbase: retrieved 5 records.
- 去查看hive的address2表,可见数据已经成功导入:
hive> select * from address2; ok 1 guangdong guangzhou 2 guangdong shenzhen 3 shanxi xian 4 shanxi hanzhong 6 jiangshu nanjing time taken: 0.049 seconds, fetched: 5 row(s)
- 至此,sqoop工具的部署和基本操作已经体验完成,希望您在执行数据导入导出操作时,此文能给您一些参考;
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