Centos7.9搭建自主邮件服务器详细步骤
前言
由于公司zabbix 监控告警邮件发送量过打，使用的腾讯企业邮箱会出现漏发或发送频率过快而拒绝发送的情况，所以现在使用自主搭建的内网邮件服务器来负责zabbix告警邮件的发送。
内网的告警邮件服务器只能给其他(腾讯企业邮箱，网易邮箱等)邮箱发送邮件，而不能接受其他邮箱的回邮件，如想可以收到回件需要购买域名配置a记录和mx记录，本文档不再讲解。
一 配置内网dns a记录和mx记录
我在内网使用的域名主机是dnsmasq代理软件，其使用简单，方便，多样化。详细配置可查看其他文档。
[root@dns_proxy ~]# grep liqing /etc/dnsmasq.conf address=/mail.liqing-test.top/192.168.2.100 mx-host=liqing-test.top,mail.liqing-test.top,10
二 mail服务器初始化配置
1. 修改主机名
[root@localhost /]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname mail.liqing-test.top|bash
2. 关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@mail /]# systemctl stop iptables && systemctl disable iptables [root@mail /]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld [root@mail /]# setenforce 0
3. 开启时间同步
[root@mail /]# yum -y install ntpdate && ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
4. 安装软件
[root@mail /]# yum -y install postfix dovecot cyrus-sasl-* mailx
三 修改配置文件
注释：配置文件备份操作本文档自行操作
1 配置postfix
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/postfix/main.cf mail_owner = postfix myhostname = mail.liqing-test.top mydomain = liqing-test.top myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain, mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomain local_recipient_maps = mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 relay_domains = $mydestination alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases smtpd_banner = $myhostname esmtp # 在最下面新增 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticated smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated
2 配置dovecot
2.1 配置监听协议:
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
listen = *
login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0
dict {
}
!include conf.d/*.conf
!include_try local.conf
2.2 配置登录方式：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf disable_plaintext_auth = no auth_mechanisms = plain login !include auth-system.conf.ext
2.3 配置邮件存储位置：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:inbox=/var/mail/%u
namespace inbox {
inbox = yes
}
first_valid_uid = 1000
mbox_write_locks = fcntl
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0666
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
2.4 配置ssl(关闭):
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf ssl = no
3 配置sasl2
3.1 配置系统认证：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/saslauthd socketdir=/run/saslauthd mech=shadow flags=
3.2 配置登录方式:
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login log_level:3
4 启动服务:
systemctl restart dovecot systemctl restart postfix systemctl restart saslauthd systemctl enable dovecot systemctl enable postfix systemctl enable saslauthd
5 创建用户并设置pass
[root@mail /]# useradd -m autumn && echo 123456 | passwd --stdin autumn
[root@mail /]# su - autumn
[autumn@mail ~]$ mkdir -p ~/mail/.imap/inbox
[autumn@mail ~]$ chmod -r 750 ~/mail #(这不操作不做会在使用foxmail登录时报错{error: couldn't open inbox: permission denied})
[autumn@mail ~]$ exit
6 配置mailx：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/mail.rc set from=autumn@liqing-test.top set smtp=mail.liqing-test.top set smtp-auth-user=autumn set smtp-auth-password=123456 set smtp-auth=login
四 发送邮件测试
1 命令行发送邮件测试
[root@mail /]# echo "邮件服务器测试" | mail -s "邮件服务器测试" other-email@163.com
2 使用使用foxmail登录并发送邮件测试
五 报错
1 权限被拒绝
在使用foxmail登录邮箱时提示权限被拒绝，这是因为在邮箱用户的家目录下mail文件权限不是750，设置为750后解决。
[autumn@mail ~]$ chmod -r 750 ~/mail
dec 3 10:15:35 git-server dovecot: pop3-login: login: user=<autumn>, method=plain, rip=192.168.31.100, lip=192.168.2.100, mpid=24843, secured, session=<ynz3eztsjilaqb9k>
dec 3 10:15:35 git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): error: fchown(/home/autumn/mail/.imap, group=12(mail)) failed: operation not permitted (egid=1004(autumn), group based on /var/mail/autumn - see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/errors/chgrpnoperm)
dec 3 10:15:35 git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): error: couldn't open inbox: permission denied
dec 3 10:15:35 git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): couldn't open inbox: permission denied top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0
dec 3 10:16:26 git-server dovecot: pop3-login: login: user=<autumn>, method=plain, rip=192.168.31.100, lip=192.168.2.100, mpid=24895, secured, session=<nkwhfjts2claqb9k>
dec 3 10:16:26 git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): error: fchown(/home/autumn/mail/.imap, group=12(mail)) failed: operation not permitted (egid=1004(autumn), group based on /var/mail/autumn - see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/errors/chgrpnoperm)
2 无法找到主机：
邮件在发送时会根据邮件地址的解析记录去查找mx记录，这里我在向腾讯的企业邮箱发送测试邮件时找不到腾讯的邮箱地址。我在内网的dns代理中加入了腾讯的mx记录后解决
[root@dns- ~]# grep qq /etc/dnsmasq.conf mx-host=***.com,mxbiz2.qq.com,10 mx-host=***.com,mxbiz1.qq.com,5
dec 3 10:36:14 git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: connect from unknown[192.168.31.100]
dec 3 10:36:15 git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: 05c682267f04: client=unknown[192.168.31.100], sasl_method=login, sasl_username=autumn
dec 3 10:36:15 git-server postfix/cleanup[26220]: 05c682267f04: message-id=<202112031036171922345@liqing-test.top>
dec 3 10:36:15 git-server postfix/qmgr[25430]: 05c682267f04: from=<autumn@liqing-test.top>, size=1561, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
dec 3 10:36:15 git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: disconnect from unknown[192.168.31.100]
dec 3 10:36:15 git-server postfix/smtp[26221]: 05c682267f04: to=<***@***.com>, relay=none, delay=0.11, delays=0.08/0.02/0/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (host or domain name not found. name service error for name=***.com type=mx: host not found, try again)
3 邮件被拒绝
在我向腾讯企业邮箱发送测试邮件时日志里出现了550邮件连接被拒绝的情况，此情况在邮件中设置白名单后解决。
dec 3 10:11:57 git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: connect from mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100]
dec 3 10:11:57 git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: 4e2292267f04: client=mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100], sasl_method=login, sasl_username=autumn
dec 3 10:11:57 git-server postfix/cleanup[24621]: 4e2292267f04: message-id=<61a97cec.xrtxn6hyj3ni3wi3%autumn@liqing-test.top>
dec 3 10:11:57 git-server postfix/qmgr[24504]: 4e2292267f04: from=<autumn@liqing-test.top>, size=541, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
dec 3 10:11:57 git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: disconnect from mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100]
dec 3 10:11:58 git-server postfix/smtp[24622]: 4e2292267f04: to=<***@***.com>, relay=mxbiz1.qq.com[183.57.48.34]:25, delay=1.6, delays=0.09/0.03/0.16/1.3, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host mxbiz1.qq.com[183.57.48.34] said: 550 mail content denied. http://service.exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=20022&&no=1000726 (in reply to end of data command))
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