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Java多线程学习笔记

程序员文章站 2022-06-24 19:27:02
目录1.继承thread类2.实现runable接口2.同步块synchronized(obj){}多任务、多线程在多任务场景下,两件事看上去同时在做,但实际上,你的大脑在同一时间只做一件事,间隔时间...

多任务、多线程

在多任务场景下,两件事看上去同时在做,但实际上,你的大脑在同一时间只做一件事,间隔时间可能很少,但这似乎让你感觉这两件事是同时在做

考虑阻塞问题,引入多线程的场景,多线程并发场景

Java多线程学习笔记

程序、进程、线程

程序=指令+数据(静态的)
在操作系统中运行的程序就是进程,一个进程可以有多个线程
比如,看视频时听声音,看图像,看弹幕等

学着看jdk文档

比如你要看thread
你可以搜索,然后阅读

Java多线程学习笔记

往下翻你会看到:

Java多线程学习笔记

Java多线程学习笔记

Java多线程学习笔记

线程的创建

1.继承thread类

//创建线程方式一:继承thread类,重写run方法,调用start()方法开启线程
public class testthread1  extends thread{

    @override
    public void run() {
        //run()方法线程体
        intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{
            system.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
        });
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        //创建一个线程对象
        testthread1 testthread1=new testthread1();
        //调用start()方法,启动线程,不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行
        testthread1.start();

        //主方法 main方法
        intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{
            system.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
        });
    }
}

一个小练习:

//练习thread实现对线程同步下载图片
public class testthread2 extends thread{

    private string url;
    private string name;

    public testthread2(string url, string name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @override
    public void run() {
          webdownload webdownload=new webdownload();
          webdownload.downloader(url,name);
          system.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name);
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        testthread2 t1=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","1.jpg");
        testthread2 t2=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","2.jpg");
        testthread2 t3=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","3.jpg");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

    }
}

//下载器
class webdownload{
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(string url,string name)  {
        try {
            fileutils.copyurltofile(new url(url),new file(name));
        } catch (ioexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
            system.out.println("io异常,downloader方法出错");
        }
    }
}

2.实现runable接口

//创建线程的方法2:实现runable接口
public class testthread3 implements runnable{

    @override
    public void run() {
        //run()方法线程体
        intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{
            system.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
        });
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        //创建一个线程对象
        testthread3 testthread3=new testthread3();
        //调用start()方法,启动线程,不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行
//        thread thread=new thread(testthread3);
//        thread.start();

        //或者这样简写
       new thread(testthread3).start();
        //主方法 main方法
        intstream.range(0,100).foreach(i->{
            system.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
        });
    }
}

Java多线程学习笔记

理解并发的场景

当多个线程使用同一个资源时,会出现问题,看看下面这个买火车票的例子:

public class testthread4 implements  runnable{

    //票数
    private int ticketnums=10;

    @override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            if (ticketnums<=0){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延迟
            try {
                thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (interruptedexception e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
            system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketnums--+"张票");
        }

    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        testthread4 ticket=new testthread4();

        new thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new thread(ticket,"张三").start();
        new thread(ticket,"李四").start();
    }
}

看看运行的结果:

Java多线程学习笔记

可以看到案例中的线程不安全问题,同时数据也是不正确的

龟兔赛跑场景

/**
 * 模拟龟兔赛跑
 */
public class race implements runnable{
    //胜利者
    private static string winner;

    @override
    public void run() {


        for (int i=0;i<=100;i++){
            //模拟兔子休息
            if (thread.currentthread().getname().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
                try {
                    thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (interruptedexception e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            boolean flag=gameover(i);
            if (flag){  //判断比赛是否结束
               break;
            }
            system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
        }

    }

    /**
     * 判断比赛是否结束
     */
    private boolean gameover(int steps){
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if (winner !=null){
            //已经存在胜利者
            return true;
        }else if (steps >= 100){
            winner=thread.currentthread().getname();
            system.out.println("胜利者是:"+winner);
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        race race=new race();
        new thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

实现callable接口

//线程创建方式3
public class testcallable implements callable<boolean> {
    private string url;
    private string name;

    public testcallable(string url, string name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @override
    public boolean call() {
        com.sxh.thread.webdownload webdownload=new com.sxh.thread.webdownload();
        webdownload.downloader(url,name);
        system.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) throws executionexception, interruptedexception {
        testcallable t1=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","1.jpg");
        testcallable t2=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","2.jpg");
        testcallable t3=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","3.jpg");

        //创建执行服务
        executorservice ser= executors.newfixedthreadpool(3);
        //提交执行
        future<boolean> r1=ser.submit(t1);
        future<boolean> r2=ser.submit(t2);
        future<boolean> r3=ser.submit(t3);
        //获取结果
        boolean rs1=r1.get();
        boolean rs2=r2.get();
        boolean rs3=r3.get();
        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdownnow();
    }

}

理解函数式接口

任何接口,只包含唯一一个抽象方法,就是函数式接口

/**
 * lambdab表达式的发展
 */
public class testlambda1 {
    //3.静态内部类
    static class like2 implements ilike{
        @override
        public void lambda() {
            system.out.println("i like lambda2");
        }
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        ilike like=new like();
        like.lambda();

        like=new like2();
        like.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
       class like3 implements ilike{
            @override
            public void lambda() {
                system.out.println("i like lambda3");
            }
        }
        like=new like3();
        like.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类
        like=new ilike() {
            @override
            public void lambda() {
                system.out.println("i like lambda4");
            }
        };
        like.lambda();

        //6.用lambda简化
        like=()->{
            system.out.println("i like lambda5");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}

//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ilike{
    void lambda();
}

//2.实现类
class like implements ilike{

    @override
    public void lambda() {
        system.out.println("i like lambda");
    }
}

理解线程的状态

Java多线程学习笔记

线程停止

public class teststop implements runnable{

    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag=true;
    @override
    public void run() {
       int i=0;
       while (flag){
           system.out.println("run...thread.."+i++);
       }
    }

    //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
    public void stop(){
           this.flag=false;
    }


    public static void main(string[] args) {
        teststop stop=new teststop();
        new thread(stop).start();


        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            system.out.println("main"+i);
            if (i==900){
                //调用stop方法,让线程停止
                stop.stop();
                system.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
//        intstream.range(0,1000).foreach(i->{
//            
//        });
    }
}

线程休眠sleep

每个对象都有一把锁,sleep不会释放锁

1.网路延迟

            //模拟延迟
            try {
                thread.sleep(200); //ms
            } catch (interruptedexception e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }

2.倒计时等

 public static void main(string[] args) {
       try {
            tendown();
        } catch (interruptedexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
       }
  }
    public static void tendown() throws interruptedexception {
        int num=10;
        while (true){
            thread.sleep(1000);
            system.out.println(num--);
            if(num<=0)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 public static void main(string[] args) {
        //打印系统当前时间
        date starttime=new date(system.currenttimemillis());
        while (true){
            try {
                thread.sleep(1000);
                system.out.println(new simpledateformat("hh:mm:ss").format(starttime));
                starttime=new date(system.currenttimemillis());//更新时间
            } catch (interruptedexception e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }
    }

线程礼让yield

//线程礼让  礼让不一定成功,由cpu重新调度
public class testyield {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        myyield myyield=new myyield();
        new thread(myyield,"a").start();
        new thread(myyield,"b").start();
    }
}
class myyield implements  runnable{

    @override
    public void run() {
        system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"线程开始执行");
        thread.yield();
        system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

线程强制执行

//测试join方法  想象为插队
public class testjoin implements  runnable{
    @override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            system.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) throws interruptedexception {
        //启动线程
        testjoin testjoin=new testjoin();
        thread thread=new thread(testjoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if (i==200){
                thread.join(); //插队
            }
            system.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

观察线程状态

public class teststate {
    public static void main(string[] args) throws interruptedexception {
        thread thread=new thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (interruptedexception e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
            system.out.println("//");
        });

        //观察状态
        thread.state state=thread.getstate();
        system.out.println(state);   //new

        //启动后
        thread.start();
        state=thread.getstate();
        system.out.println(state);   //run

        while (state != thread.state.terminated)
        {
            thread.sleep(100);
            state=thread.getstate();//更新线程状态
            system.out.println(state);   //run
        }
    }
}

线程的优先级

//测试线程的优先级
public class testpriority {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"--->"+thread.currentthread().getpriority());

        mypriority mypriority=new mypriority();

        thread t1=new thread(mypriority);
        thread t2=new thread(mypriority);
        thread t3=new thread(mypriority);
        thread t4=new thread(mypriority);
        thread t5=new thread(mypriority);
        thread t6=new thread(mypriority);
        //先设置优先级,在启动
        t1.start();
        t2.setpriority(1);
        t2.start();
        t3.setpriority(4);
        t3.start();
        t4.setpriority(thread.max_priority);
        t4.start();
        t5.setpriority(-1);
        t5.start();
        t6.setpriority(11);
        t6.start();

    }
}
class mypriority implements runnable{

    @override
    public void run() {
        system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"--->"+thread.currentthread().getpriority());
    }
}

守护线程

线程分为用户线程和守护线程

//测试守护线程
public class testdaemon {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        god god=new god();
        you you=new you();
        thread thread=new thread(god);
        thread.setdaemon(true); //默认是false表示用户线程
        thread.start();

        new thread(you).start();

    }
}

class god implements  runnable{

    @override
    public void run() {
      while (true){
          system.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
      }
    }
}
class you implements runnable{
    @override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36000; i++) {
            system.out.println("你活着"+i);
        }
        system.out.println("goodbye!!");
    }
}

线程同步机制

解决安全性问题:队列+锁

1.synchronized 同步方法

默认锁的是this,如需锁其他的,使用下面的同步块

//synchronized 同步方法
    private  synchronized void buy(){
        if (ticketnums<=0){
            flag=false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延迟
        try {
            thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (interruptedexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }
        //买票
        system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketnums--+"张票");
    }

2.同步块synchronized(obj){}

锁的对象是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
obj称之为同步监视器,即监视对象

public class unsafelist {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        list<string> list=new arraylist<string>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(thread.currentthread().getname());
                }
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (interruptedexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }
        system.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

lock

class a{
     //reentrantlock 可重入锁
     private final reentrantlock lock=new reentrantlock();
     public void f(){
       lock.lock();//加锁
       try{
           //.....
        }
       finally{
          lock.unlock();//释放锁
        }
     }
   
}


synchronized与lock

  1. lock是显示锁需要手动开关,synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
  2. lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
  3. jvm将花费更少的时间来调度线程,性能更好,更有扩展性
  4. 优先使用:lock>同步代码块>同步方法

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