Java多线程学习笔记
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2022-06-24 19:27:02
目录1.继承thread类2.实现runable接口2.同步块synchronized(obj){}多任务、多线程在多任务场景下,两件事看上去同时在做,但实际上,你的大脑在同一时间只做一件事,间隔时间...
多任务、多线程
在多任务场景下,两件事看上去同时在做,但实际上,你的大脑在同一时间只做一件事,间隔时间可能很少,但这似乎让你感觉这两件事是同时在做
考虑阻塞问题,引入多线程的场景,多线程并发场景
程序、进程、线程
程序=指令+数据(静态的)
在操作系统中运行的程序就是进程,一个进程可以有多个线程
比如,看视频时听声音,看图像,看弹幕等
学着看jdk文档
比如你要看thread
你可以搜索,然后阅读
往下翻你会看到:
线程的创建
1.继承thread类
//创建线程方式一:继承thread类,重写run方法,调用start()方法开启线程 public class testthread1 extends thread{ @override public void run() { //run()方法线程体 intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{ system.out.println("我在看代码"+i); }); } public static void main(string[] args) { //创建一个线程对象 testthread1 testthread1=new testthread1(); //调用start()方法,启动线程,不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行 testthread1.start(); //主方法 main方法 intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{ system.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i); }); } }
一个小练习:
//练习thread实现对线程同步下载图片 public class testthread2 extends thread{ private string url; private string name; public testthread2(string url, string name) { this.url = url; this.name = name; } @override public void run() { webdownload webdownload=new webdownload(); webdownload.downloader(url,name); system.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name); } public static void main(string[] args) { testthread2 t1=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","1.jpg"); testthread2 t2=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","2.jpg"); testthread2 t3=new testthread2("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","3.jpg"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } //下载器 class webdownload{ //下载方法 public void downloader(string url,string name) { try { fileutils.copyurltofile(new url(url),new file(name)); } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); system.out.println("io异常,downloader方法出错"); } } }
2.实现runable接口
//创建线程的方法2:实现runable接口 public class testthread3 implements runnable{ @override public void run() { //run()方法线程体 intstream.range(0,20).foreach(i->{ system.out.println("我在看代码"+i); }); } public static void main(string[] args) { //创建一个线程对象 testthread3 testthread3=new testthread3(); //调用start()方法,启动线程,不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行 // thread thread=new thread(testthread3); // thread.start(); //或者这样简写 new thread(testthread3).start(); //主方法 main方法 intstream.range(0,100).foreach(i->{ system.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i); }); } }
理解并发的场景
当多个线程使用同一个资源时,会出现问题,看看下面这个买火车票的例子:
public class testthread4 implements runnable{ //票数 private int ticketnums=10; @override public void run() { while(true){ if (ticketnums<=0){ break; } //模拟延迟 try { thread.sleep(200); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketnums--+"张票"); } } public static void main(string[] args) { testthread4 ticket=new testthread4(); new thread(ticket,"小明").start(); new thread(ticket,"张三").start(); new thread(ticket,"李四").start(); } }
看看运行的结果:
可以看到案例中的线程不安全问题,同时数据也是不正确的
龟兔赛跑场景
/** * 模拟龟兔赛跑 */ public class race implements runnable{ //胜利者 private static string winner; @override public void run() { for (int i=0;i<=100;i++){ //模拟兔子休息 if (thread.currentthread().getname().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){ try { thread.sleep(1); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } boolean flag=gameover(i); if (flag){ //判断比赛是否结束 break; } system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->跑了"+i+"步"); } } /** * 判断比赛是否结束 */ private boolean gameover(int steps){ //判断是否有胜利者 if (winner !=null){ //已经存在胜利者 return true; }else if (steps >= 100){ winner=thread.currentthread().getname(); system.out.println("胜利者是:"+winner); return true; }else{ return false; } } public static void main(string[] args) { race race=new race(); new thread(race,"兔子").start(); new thread(race,"乌龟").start(); } }
实现callable接口
//线程创建方式3 public class testcallable implements callable<boolean> { private string url; private string name; public testcallable(string url, string name) { this.url = url; this.name = name; } @override public boolean call() { com.sxh.thread.webdownload webdownload=new com.sxh.thread.webdownload(); webdownload.downloader(url,name); system.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name); return true; } public static void main(string[] args) throws executionexception, interruptedexception { testcallable t1=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","1.jpg"); testcallable t2=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","2.jpg"); testcallable t3=new testcallable("https://profile.csdnimg.cn/b/d/2/3_sxh06","3.jpg"); //创建执行服务 executorservice ser= executors.newfixedthreadpool(3); //提交执行 future<boolean> r1=ser.submit(t1); future<boolean> r2=ser.submit(t2); future<boolean> r3=ser.submit(t3); //获取结果 boolean rs1=r1.get(); boolean rs2=r2.get(); boolean rs3=r3.get(); //关闭服务 ser.shutdownnow(); } }
理解函数式接口
任何接口,只包含唯一一个抽象方法,就是函数式接口
/** * lambdab表达式的发展 */ public class testlambda1 { //3.静态内部类 static class like2 implements ilike{ @override public void lambda() { system.out.println("i like lambda2"); } } public static void main(string[] args) { ilike like=new like(); like.lambda(); like=new like2(); like.lambda(); //4.局部内部类 class like3 implements ilike{ @override public void lambda() { system.out.println("i like lambda3"); } } like=new like3(); like.lambda(); //5.匿名内部类 like=new ilike() { @override public void lambda() { system.out.println("i like lambda4"); } }; like.lambda(); //6.用lambda简化 like=()->{ system.out.println("i like lambda5"); }; like.lambda(); } } //1.定义一个函数式接口 interface ilike{ void lambda(); } //2.实现类 class like implements ilike{ @override public void lambda() { system.out.println("i like lambda"); } }
理解线程的状态
线程停止
public class teststop implements runnable{ //1.设置一个标志位 private boolean flag=true; @override public void run() { int i=0; while (flag){ system.out.println("run...thread.."+i++); } } //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位 public void stop(){ this.flag=false; } public static void main(string[] args) { teststop stop=new teststop(); new thread(stop).start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { system.out.println("main"+i); if (i==900){ //调用stop方法,让线程停止 stop.stop(); system.out.println("线程该停止了"); } } // intstream.range(0,1000).foreach(i->{ // // }); } }
线程休眠sleep
每个对象都有一把锁,sleep不会释放锁
1.网路延迟
//模拟延迟 try { thread.sleep(200); //ms } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); }
2.倒计时等
public static void main(string[] args) { try { tendown(); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } public static void tendown() throws interruptedexception { int num=10; while (true){ thread.sleep(1000); system.out.println(num--); if(num<=0) { break; } } }
public static void main(string[] args) { //打印系统当前时间 date starttime=new date(system.currenttimemillis()); while (true){ try { thread.sleep(1000); system.out.println(new simpledateformat("hh:mm:ss").format(starttime)); starttime=new date(system.currenttimemillis());//更新时间 } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } }
线程礼让yield
//线程礼让 礼让不一定成功,由cpu重新调度 public class testyield { public static void main(string[] args) { myyield myyield=new myyield(); new thread(myyield,"a").start(); new thread(myyield,"b").start(); } } class myyield implements runnable{ @override public void run() { system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"线程开始执行"); thread.yield(); system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"线程停止执行"); } }
线程强制执行
//测试join方法 想象为插队 public class testjoin implements runnable{ @override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { system.out.println("线程vip来了"+i); } } public static void main(string[] args) throws interruptedexception { //启动线程 testjoin testjoin=new testjoin(); thread thread=new thread(testjoin); thread.start(); //主线程 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { if (i==200){ thread.join(); //插队 } system.out.println("main"+i); } } }
观察线程状态
public class teststate { public static void main(string[] args) throws interruptedexception { thread thread=new thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { thread.sleep(1000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } system.out.println("//"); }); //观察状态 thread.state state=thread.getstate(); system.out.println(state); //new //启动后 thread.start(); state=thread.getstate(); system.out.println(state); //run while (state != thread.state.terminated) { thread.sleep(100); state=thread.getstate();//更新线程状态 system.out.println(state); //run } } }
线程的优先级
//测试线程的优先级 public class testpriority { public static void main(string[] args) { //主线程默认优先级 system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"--->"+thread.currentthread().getpriority()); mypriority mypriority=new mypriority(); thread t1=new thread(mypriority); thread t2=new thread(mypriority); thread t3=new thread(mypriority); thread t4=new thread(mypriority); thread t5=new thread(mypriority); thread t6=new thread(mypriority); //先设置优先级,在启动 t1.start(); t2.setpriority(1); t2.start(); t3.setpriority(4); t3.start(); t4.setpriority(thread.max_priority); t4.start(); t5.setpriority(-1); t5.start(); t6.setpriority(11); t6.start(); } } class mypriority implements runnable{ @override public void run() { system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"--->"+thread.currentthread().getpriority()); } }
守护线程
线程分为用户线程和守护线程
//测试守护线程 public class testdaemon { public static void main(string[] args) { god god=new god(); you you=new you(); thread thread=new thread(god); thread.setdaemon(true); //默认是false表示用户线程 thread.start(); new thread(you).start(); } } class god implements runnable{ @override public void run() { while (true){ system.out.println("上帝保佑着你"); } } } class you implements runnable{ @override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 36000; i++) { system.out.println("你活着"+i); } system.out.println("goodbye!!"); } }
线程同步机制
解决安全性问题:队列+锁
1.synchronized 同步方法
默认锁的是this,如需锁其他的,使用下面的同步块
//synchronized 同步方法 private synchronized void buy(){ if (ticketnums<=0){ flag=false; return; } //模拟延迟 try { thread.sleep(100); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } //买票 system.out.println(thread.currentthread().getname()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketnums--+"张票"); }
2.同步块synchronized(obj){}
锁的对象是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
obj称之为同步监视器,即监视对象
public class unsafelist { public static void main(string[] args) { list<string> list=new arraylist<string>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { new thread(()->{ synchronized (list){ list.add(thread.currentthread().getname()); } }).start(); } try { thread.sleep(3000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } system.out.println(list.size()); } }
lock
class a{ //reentrantlock 可重入锁 private final reentrantlock lock=new reentrantlock(); public void f(){ lock.lock();//加锁 try{ //..... } finally{ lock.unlock();//释放锁 } } }
synchronized与lock
- lock是显示锁需要手动开关,synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
- lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
- jvm将花费更少的时间来调度线程,性能更好,更有扩展性
- 优先使用:lock>同步代码块>同步方法
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