详解vue跨组件通信的几种方法

在开发组件的时候，一定会遇到组件的通信，比如点击一个图标出现弹窗和蒙层，这三个分别是不同的组件。管理他们之间的状态就成了问题。

props双向绑定

通过 sync 双向绑定，属性变化会同步到所有组件，这也是最简单的实现方式，缺点是属性会比较多。实现方式如下

app.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask :hide-mask.sync="hidemask"></mask>
  <dialog :hide-dialog.sync="hidedialog" :hide-mask.sync="hidemask"></dialog>
  <dialog-icon :hide-dialog.sync="hidedialog" :hide-mask.sync="hidemask"></dialog-icon>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogicon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogicon
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hidemask: true,
   hidedialog: true
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog" :class="{ 'hide': hidedialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hide()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hidedialog', 'hidemask'],
 methods: {
  hide () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
   this.hidemask = !this.hidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog-icon" @click="show()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hidedialog', 'hidemask'],
 methods: {
  show () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
   this.hidemask = !this.hidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': hidemask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: ['hidemask']
}
</script>

自定义事件

子组件 $dispatch() 派发事件传递给父组件，父组件 $broadcast() 广播事件传递给子组件，这种方式虽然减少了props的使用，但是需要额外定义几个事件，状态多了就会变得很复杂，实现方法如下

app.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask></mask>
  <dialog></dialog>
  <dialog-icon></dialog-icon>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogicon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogicon
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hidemask: true,
   hidedialog: true
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-dispatch' () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
   this.$broadcast('dialog-broadcast')
  },
  'mask-dispatch' () {
   this.hidemask = !this.hidemask
   this.$broadcast('mask-broadcast')
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog-icon" @click="show()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 methods: {
  show () {
   this.$dispatch('dialog-dispatch')
   this.$dispatch('mask-dispatch')
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-broadcast' () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
  }
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hidedialog: this.$parent.hidedialog,
   hidemask: this.$parent.hidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="dialog" :class="{ 'hide': hidedialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hide()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 methods: {
  hide () {
   this.$dispatch('dialog-dispatch')
   this.$dispatch('mask-dispatch')
  }
 },
 events: {
  'dialog-broadcast' () {
   this.hidedialog = !this.hidedialog
  }
 },
 data () {
  return {
   hidedialog: this.$parent.hidedialog,
   hidemask: this.$parent.hidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': hidemask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 data () {
  return {
   hidemask: this.$parent.hidemask
  }
 },
 events: {
  'mask-broadcast' () {
   this.hidemask = !this.hidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

vuex

状态统一放store管理，修改状态通过mutations，组件通过action调用mutations，虽然有点绕，但是所有东西放一起后期会更好维护，实现方法如下

app.vue 文件

<template>
 <div id="app">
  <mask></mask>
  <dialog></dialog>
  <dialog-icon></dialog-icon>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
import mask from './components/mask/index'
import dialog from './components/dialog/index'
import dialogicon from './components/dialog-icon/index'

export default {
 components: {
  mask,
  dialog,
  dialogicon
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="storehouse dialog" :class="{ 'hide': ishidedialog }">
  <div class="dialog-close" @click="hidedialog()"></div>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
import { hidedialog } from '../../vuex/actions'

export default {
 vuex: {
  state: {
   ishidedialog: state => state.ishidedialog
  },
  actions: {
   hidedialog
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/dialog-icon/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <section class="storehouse-icon" @click="hidedialog()">点击出现弹窗</section>
</template>

<script>
import { hidedialog } from '../../vuex/actions'

export default {
 vuex: {
  actions: {
   hidedialog
  }
 }
}
</script>

component/mask/index.vue 文件

<template>
 <div class="mask" :class="{ 'hide': ishidemask }"></div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 vuex: {
  state: {
   ishidemask: state => state.ishidemask
  }
 }
}
</script>

vuex/store.js 文件

import vue from 'vue'
import vuex from 'vuex'
import mutations from './mutations'

vue.use(vuex)

const state = {
 ishidemask: true,
 ishidedialog: true
}

const store = new vuex.store({
 state,
 mutations
})

if (module.hot) {
 module.hot.accept(['./mutations'], () => {
  const mutations = require('./mutations').default
  store.hotupdate({
   mutations
  })
 })
}

export default store

vuex/mutations.js 文件

import {
 hidedialog
}
from './mutation-types'

export
default {
 [hidedialog] (state) {
  state.ishidedialog = !state.ishidedialog
  state.ishidemask = !state.ishidemask
 }
}

vuex/mutations-types.js 文件

export const hidedialog = 'hidedialog'

vuex/action.js 文件

import { hidedialog } from './mutation-types'
export const hidedialog = ({ dispatch }) => dispatch(hidedialog)

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。