MongodbGFS结合SpringBoot 实现大文件的简单上传与下载
今天主要为大家带来SpringBoot工程中MongodbGFS的简单使用。首先,我们的思路是,用表单提交文件,直接将文件存入Mongodb数据库中,然后将文件直接从数据库下载到客户端。当然我们用的是GFS结构的存储,因此我们的文件最好大于16M以上。这也与mongodb官方的建议相一致。这里还有不清楚的可以看我之前的一篇博客《MongodbGFS存储大文件》,链接。
首先我们做一下准备工作,初始化一个SpringBoot工程。这里我继续使用的是gradle。
添加我们需要的依赖,spring-boot-starter-test 用gradle初始化springboot工程时默认添加了,除了这个我们需要添加额外的两个依赖就是,spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb和spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf(模板引擎用来生成网页)。
添加了依赖之后,我们需要进行配置mongodb,thymeleaf。具体的配置说明可以查看官方文档 mongodb使用说明,模板引擎在springboot中的配置。
这里可以看一下我的配置文件。
#thymeleaf start
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
#thymeleaf end
#mongodb start
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://39.106.177.24:27017/zhaotong
#mongodb end
#uploadfile start
spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=1024000KB
spring.http.multipart.max-request-size=2048000KB
#uploadfile end
关于mongodb uri的具体格式,我建议是直接去看源码:
下面的同时也配置了让springmvc放开文件大小的限制,因为我们主要做的是大文件上传。
接下来我们学习一下Springboot提供给我们关于 mongodb的操作工具类。主要我们看3个类:MongoTemplate.class MongodbFactory.class GridFsTemplate.class
首先mongoFacory 其实就和hibernateFactory一样为我们提供基于Mongodb的会话工厂。这里我们看源码:
它主要给我们返回DB对象,这里要说明这个类是线程安全的,为什么是线程安全的呢?我们接着来看DB这个类
很明显DB是线程安全的,那么工厂如何让提供给我们的的db是线程安全的呢?所以就有了接下来这段代码:
大家可以看到了ConcurrentHashMap出现了,所以这里希望大家多看看源代码,是有好处的。
至于MongoTemplate.class 这个类其实和jdbcTemplate扮演的角色一样,这里就不多说了,我们今天主要用到的是GridFsTemplate.class。我们看这个类的源码,我们今天所使用的方法都是来源于这个类。
/*
* Copyright 2011-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query.*;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsCriteria.*;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.MongoDbFactory;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert.MongoConverter;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert.QueryMapper;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFS;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFSDBFile;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFSFile;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFSInputFile;
/**
* {@link GridFsOperations} implementation to store content into MongoDB GridFS.
*
* @author Oliver Gierke
* @author Philipp Schneider
* @author Thomas Darimont
* @author Martin Baumgartner
* @author Christoph Strobl
* @author Mark Paluch
*/
public class GridFsTemplate implements GridFsOperations, ResourcePatternResolver {
private final MongoDbFactory dbFactory;
private final String bucket;
private final MongoConverter converter;
private final QueryMapper queryMapper;
/**
* Creates a new {@link GridFsTemplate} using the given {@link MongoDbFactory} and {@link MongoConverter}.
*
* @param dbFactory must not be {@literal null}.
* @param converter must not be {@literal null}.
*/
public GridFsTemplate(MongoDbFactory dbFactory, MongoConverter converter) {
this(dbFactory, converter, null);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@link GridFsTemplate} using the given {@link MongoDbFactory} and {@link MongoConverter}.
*
* @param dbFactory must not be {@literal null}.
* @param converter must not be {@literal null}.
* @param bucket
*/
public GridFsTemplate(MongoDbFactory dbFactory, MongoConverter converter, String bucket) {
Assert.notNull(dbFactory, "MongoDbFactory must not be null!");
Assert.notNull(converter, "MongoConverter must not be null!");
this.dbFactory = dbFactory;
this.converter = converter;
this.bucket = bucket;
this.queryMapper = new QueryMapper(converter);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename) {
return store(content, filename, (Object) null);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, Object metadata) {
return store(content, null, metadata);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, com.mongodb.DBObject)
*/
@Override
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, DBObject metadata) {
return store(content, null, metadata);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename, String contentType) {
return store(content, filename, contentType, (Object) null);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename, Object metadata) {
return store(content, filename, null, metadata);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename, String contentType, Object metadata) {
DBObject dbObject = null;
if (metadata != null) {
dbObject = new BasicDBObject();
converter.write(metadata, dbObject);
}
return store(content, filename, contentType, dbObject);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String, com.mongodb.DBObject)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename, DBObject metadata) {
return this.store(content, filename, null, metadata);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#store(java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String, com.mongodb.DBObject)
*/
public GridFSFile store(InputStream content, String filename, String contentType, DBObject metadata) {
Assert.notNull(content, "InputStream must not be null!");
GridFSInputFile file = getGridFs().createFile(content);
if (filename != null) {
file.setFilename(filename);
}
if (metadata != null) {
file.setMetaData(metadata);
}
if (contentType != null) {
file.setContentType(contentType);
}
file.save();
return file;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#find(com.mongodb.DBObject)
*/
public List<GridFSDBFile> find(Query query) {
if (query == null) {
return getGridFs().find(new BasicDBObject());
}
DBObject queryObject = getMappedQuery(query.getQueryObject());
DBObject sortObject = getMappedQuery(query.getSortObject());
return getGridFs().find(queryObject, sortObject);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#findOne(com.mongodb.DBObject)
*/
public GridFSDBFile findOne(Query query) {
return getGridFs().findOne(getMappedQuery(query));
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations#delete(org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query)
*/
public void delete(Query query) {
getGridFs().remove(getMappedQuery(query));
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader#getClassLoader()
*/
public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
return dbFactory.getClass().getClassLoader();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader#getResource(java.lang.String)
*/
public GridFsResource getResource(String location) {
GridFSDBFile file = findOne(query(whereFilename().is(location)));
return file != null ? new GridFsResource(file) : null;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver#getResources(java.lang.String)
*/
public GridFsResource[] getResources(String locationPattern) {
if (!StringUtils.hasText(locationPattern)) {
return new GridFsResource[0];
}
AntPath path = new AntPath(locationPattern);
if (path.isPattern()) {
List<GridFSDBFile> files = find(query(whereFilename().regex(path.toRegex())));
List<GridFsResource> resources = new ArrayList<GridFsResource>(files.size());
for (GridFSDBFile file : files) {
resources.add(new GridFsResource(file));
}
return resources.toArray(new GridFsResource[resources.size()]);
}
return new GridFsResource[] { getResource(locationPattern) };
}
private DBObject getMappedQuery(Query query) {
return query == null ? new Query().getQueryObject() : getMappedQuery(query.getQueryObject());
}
private DBObject getMappedQuery(DBObject query) {
return query == null ? null : queryMapper.getMappedObject(query, null);
}
private GridFS getGridFs() {
DB db = dbFactory.getDb();
return bucket == null ? new GridFS(db) : new GridFS(db, bucket);
}
}
所以说不需要看文档,看他的源码我们就知道如何使用了。接下来我们实战,首先我们做一个html模板,用来上传文件,和下载文件。代码如下:
源码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>uploadForm</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/uploadfile">
<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
<form method="POST" action="/downloadfile">
<p>输入文件名<input type="text" name="fname" /></p>
<input type="submit" value="下载" />
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
接着我们编写controller ,这次我们是学习,就不分层写了,如果正式开发,我们最好按照层级来写。controller代码如下:
package com.example.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFSDBFile;
import com.mongodb.gridfs.GridFSFile;
@Controller
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class FileUploadController {
// 获得SpringBoot提供的mongodb的GridFS对象
@Autowired
private GridFsTemplate gridFsTemplate;
// 工程主页
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String home(Model model) {
return "uploadForm";
}
// 上传文件控制器
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadfile", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
String uploadfile(HttpServletRequest request) {
String result = "error";
try {
/**
* Servlet3.0新增了request.getParts()/getPart(String filename) api,
* 用于获取使用multipart/form-data格式传递的http请求的请求体, 通常用于获取上传文件。
*/
Part part = request.getPart("file");
// 获得提交的文件名
String filename = part.getSubmittedFileName();
// 获得文件输入流
InputStream ins = part.getInputStream();
// 获得文件类型
String contenttype = part.getContentType();
// 将文件存储到mongodb中,mongodb 将会返回这个文件的具体信息
GridFSFile gfs = gridFsTemplate.store(ins, filename, contenttype);
result = gfs.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
} catch (ServletException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
// 下载文件控制器
@RequestMapping(value = "/downloadfile", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
String downloadfile(@RequestParam(name = "fname", required = true) String filename, HttpServletResponse response) {
/**
* 关于Query的具体用发下面的链接给的很清楚了,这里就不多说了。
*
* @link{http://www.baeldung.com/queries-in-spring-data-mongodb}
*/
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("filename").is(filename));
// 查询单个文件
GridFSDBFile gfsfile = gridFsTemplate.findOne(query);
// 通知浏览器进行文件下载
response.setContentType(gfsfile.getContentType());
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + gfsfile.getFilename());
try {
gfsfile.writeTo(response.getOutputStream());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "success";
}
}
然后我们使用gradle启动工程:
然后我们打开主页选择上传的文件:
点击上传之后,我们收到服务器返回的文件信息(我没有做处理,信息就是Mongodb返回的):
接下来我们回到主页,去下载这个文件(输入刚才上传的文件名):
然后点击下载就出现了下面的一幕:
浏览器已经开始下载我们的文件了。
这就是我们这次演示的过程。Mongodb为我们管理文件,特别由于Mongodb本身就是分布式数据库,我们的文件也就是分布式存储了,比自己搭建一个分布式文件服务器方便多了。但Mongodbgfs适合大文件,小文件直接存入文档,更加方便。
给一点我的建议:多看源码,多看官方的文档。
如有问题,可联系我:1427730623.
我的工程结构图(一个入口类,一个html,一个controller,再加一个配置文件,代码基本上博客都贴出来了,我就不放工程了):