Linux下安装配置MySQL

系统:ubuntu 16.04lts

1\官网下载mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2\建立工作组:

$su
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

3\创建目录

#mkdir /usr/local/mysql
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

4\解压mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,并拷贝至/usr/local/mysql

#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql

5\修改mysql用户对mysql以下及其子文件夹以下文件的权限,修改后可使用ll查看权限

root@ice-***:/usr/local# chown -r mysql:mysql mysql
root@ice-***:/usr/local# ll
总用量 44
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/
root@ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/
root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll
总用量 64
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 5月 19 07:39 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 copying
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 readme
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/

6\修改(或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件

root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
:wq

7\最关键的初始化

# cd /usr/local/mysql/
root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

2017-05-19t00:15:46.529420z 0 [warning] timestamp with implicit default value is deprecated. please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-05-19t00:15:47.066125z 0 [warning] innodb: new log files created, lsn=45790
2017-05-19t00:15:47.213711z 0 [warning] innodb: creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-05-19t00:15:47.286951z 0 [warning] no existing uuid has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. generating a new uuid: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82.
2017-05-19t00:15:47.292857z 0 [warning] gtid table is not ready to be used. table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-05-19t00:15:47.294758z 1 [note] a temporary password is generated for root@localhost: yjaotqk*2ew4

初始密码要记住
这里可能会出现很多问题,比如:

installing mysql system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: no such file or directory

缺少依赖关系包

解决方法:sudo apt-get install libaio-dev

还有可能是之前步骤不对导致了操作data文件的权限不够等等.按照步骤来,缺少什么装什么(有提示),到了这里应该就初始化成功了,那几个warning,值得注意的是gtid table is not ready to be used. table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.有时间可以查下是怎么回事,这条忽略也没影响.

8\不要着急启动,现在还启动不了.执行代码,将mysql下除了data文件夹外的文件变为root权限

root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -r root .
root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -r mysql data

9\启动

root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

敲回车

root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

enter password: 
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 3
server version: 5.7.18

copyright (c) 2000, 2017, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved.

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its
affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
error 1820 (hy000): you must reset your password using alter user statement before executing this statement.
mysql> 

10\重置密码

mysql> set password = password('newpasswd');
query ok, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| sys        |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
bye

11\设置开机启动

root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
root@ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

12\安装mysql-server 和 mysql-client

root@ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server
root@ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client
root@ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev


e: sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决办法:

1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //现将info文件夹更名 
2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info //再新建一个新的info文件夹 
3.$ sudo apt-get update,  
   $ apt-get -f install //修复依赖树
4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //执行完上一步操作后会在新的info文件夹下生成一些文件，现将这些文件全部移到info_old文件夹下 
5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info //把自己新建的info文件夹删掉 
6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info //把以前的info文件夹重新改回名字

最后,如果是ubuntu系统可能无法向表中插入汉字,无法从表中查询汉字..

解决办法:

关闭数据库服务

service mysql stop
~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

在[mysqld]下添加一行character_set_server=utf8
配置文件选段:

[mysqld]
#
# * basic settings
#
user      = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket     = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port      = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir     = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
character_set_server=utf8 就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加!
skip-external-locking
#

将上述文件拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf

~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

重启数据库服务

~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart

如果查看字符集能得到如下结果就说明成功了.

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| variable_name    | value      |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server   | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name      | value           |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | utf8            |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)