golang常用的http请求操作

之前用python写各种网络请求的时候写的非常顺手，但是当打算用golang写的时候才发现相对来说还是python的那种方式用的更加顺手，习惯golang的用法之后也就差别不大了，下面主要整理了常用的通过golang发起的get请求以及post请求的代码例子

golang发起get请求

基本的get请求

//基本的get请求
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    resp, err := http.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.body.close()
    body, err := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
    fmt.println(resp.statuscode)
    if resp.statuscode == 200 {
        fmt.println("ok")
    }
}

带参数的get请求

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main(){
    resp, err := http.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhaofan&age=23")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.body.close()
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))

}

但是如果我们想要把一些参数做成变量而不是直接放到url中怎么操作，代码例子如下：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main(){
    params := url.values{}
    url, err := url.parse("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    params.set("name","zhaofan")
    params.set("age","23")
    //如果参数中有中文参数,这个方法会进行urlencode
    url.rawquery = params.encode()
    urlpath := url.string()
    fmt.println(urlpath) // https://httpbin.org/get?age=23&name=zhaofan
    resp,err := http.get(urlpath)
    defer resp.body.close()
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
}

解析json类型的返回结果

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

type result struct {
    args string `json:"args"`
    headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`
    origin string `json:"origin"`
    url string `json:"url"`
}

func main() {
    resp, err := http.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    defer resp.body.close()
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
    var res result
    _ = json.unmarshal(body,&res)
    fmt.printf("%#v", res)
}

get请求添加请求头

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    client := &http.client{}
    req,_ := http.newrequest("get","http://httpbin.org/get",nil)
    req.header.add("name","zhaofan")
    req.header.add("age","3")
    resp,_ := client.do(req)
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.printf(string(body))
}

从上述的结果可以看出我们设置的头是成功了：

{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "accept-encoding": "gzip", 
    "age": "3", 
    "host": "httpbin.org", 
    "name": "zhaofan", 
    "user-agent": "go-http-client/1.1"
  }, 
  "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

golang 发起post请求

基本的post使用

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    urlvalues := url.values{}
    urlvalues.add("name","zhaofan")
    urlvalues.add("age","22")
    resp, _ := http.postform("http://httpbin.org/post",urlvalues)
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
}

结果如下：

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "age": "22", 
    "name": "zhaofan"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "accept-encoding": "gzip", 
    "content-length": "19", 
    "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "host": "httpbin.org", 
    "user-agent": "go-http-client/1.1"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

另外一种方式

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    urlvalues := url.values{
        "name":{"zhaofan"},
        "age":{"23"},
    }
    reqbody:= urlvalues.encode()
    resp, _ := http.post("http://httpbin.org/post", "text/html",strings.newreader(reqbody))
    body,_:= ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
}

结果如下：

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "age=23&name=zhaofan", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "accept-encoding": "gzip", 
    "content-length": "19", 
    "content-type": "text/html", 
    "host": "httpbin.org", 
    "user-agent": "go-http-client/1.1"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

发送json数据的post请求

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    client := &http.client{}
    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    data["name"] = "zhaofan"
    data["age"] = "23"
    bytesdata, _ := json.marshal(data)
    req, _ := http.newrequest("post","http://httpbin.org/post",bytes.newreader(bytesdata))
    resp, _ := client.do(req)
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))

}

结果如下：

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "{\"age\":\"23\",\"name\":\"zhaofan\"}", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "accept-encoding": "gzip", 
    "content-length": "29", 
    "host": "httpbin.org", 
    "user-agent": "go-http-client/1.1"
  }, 
  "json": {
    "age": "23", 
    "name": "zhaofan"
  }, 
  "origin": "211.138.20.170, 211.138.20.170", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

不用client的post请求

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    data["name"] = "zhaofan"
    data["age"] = "23"
    bytesdata, _ := json.marshal(data)
    resp, _ := http.post("http://httpbin.org/post","application/json", bytes.newreader(bytesdata))
    body, _ := ioutil.readall(resp.body)
    fmt.println(string(body))
}