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C++ 递归遍历文件并计算MD5的实例代码

程序员文章站 2022-06-22 23:33:39
递归遍历文件夹,对比文件md5首先,需要引用 md5 的相关代码,参考这篇文章,防止链接内容被删除,这里再记录一次:md5.h #ifndef md5_h #define md5_h #...

递归遍历文件夹,对比文件md5

首先,需要引用 md5 的相关代码,参考这篇文章,防止链接内容被删除,这里再记录一次:

md5.h

  #ifndef md5_h
    #define md5_h

    #include <string>
    #include <fstream>

    /* type define */
    typedef unsigned char byte;
    typedef unsigned int uint32;

    using std::string;
    using std::ifstream;

    /* md5 declaration. */
    class md5 {
    public:
    md5();
    md5(const void* input, size_t length);
    md5(const string& str);
    md5(ifstream& in);
    void update(const void* input, size_t length);
    void update(const string& str);
    void update(ifstream& in);
    const byte* digest();
    string tostring();
    void reset();

    private:
    void update(const byte* input, size_t length);
    void final();
    void transform(const byte block[64]);
    void encode(const uint32* input, byte* output, size_t length);
    void decode(const byte* input, uint32* output, size_t length);
    string bytestohexstring(const byte* input, size_t length);

    /* class uncopyable */
    md5(const md5&);
    md5& operator=(const md5&);

    private:
    uint32 _state[4]; /* state (abcd) */
    uint32 _count[2]; /* number of bits, modulo 2^64 (low-order word first) */
    byte _buffer[64]; /* input buffer */
    byte _digest[16]; /* message digest */
    bool _finished;   /* calculate finished ? */

    static const byte padding[64]; /* padding for calculate */
    static const char hex[16];
    enum { buffer_size = 1024 };
    };

    #endif /*md5_h*/

md5.cpp

   #include "md5.h"

    using namespace std;

    /* constants for md5transform routine. */
    #define s11 7
    #define s12 12
    #define s13 17
    #define s14 22
    #define s21 5
    #define s22 9
    #define s23 14
    #define s24 20
    #define s31 4
    #define s32 11
    #define s33 16
    #define s34 23
    #define s41 6
    #define s42 10
    #define s43 15
    #define s44 21


    /* f, g, h and i are basic md5 functions.
    */
    #define f(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
    #define g(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
    #define h(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
    #define i(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))

    /* rotate_left rotates x left n bits.
    */
    #define rotate_left(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))

    /* ff, gg, hh, and ii transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
    rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation.
    */
    #define ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {     (a) += f ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac;     (a) = rotate_left ((a), (s));     (a) += (b);     }
    #define gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {     (a) += g ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac;     (a) = rotate_left ((a), (s));     (a) += (b);     }
    #define hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {     (a) += h ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac;     (a) = rotate_left ((a), (s));     (a) += (b);     }
    #define ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) {     (a) += i ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac;     (a) = rotate_left ((a), (s));     (a) += (b);     }


    const byte md5::padding[64] = { 0x80 };
    const char md5::hex[16] = {
    ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘,
    ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘,
    ‘8‘, ‘9‘, ‘a‘, ‘b‘,
    ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘e‘, ‘f‘
    };


    /* default construct. */
    md5::md5() {
    reset();
    }

    /* construct a md5 object with a input buffer. */
    md5::md5(const void* input, size_t length) {
    reset();
    update(input, length);
    }

    /* construct a md5 object with a string. */
    md5::md5(const string& str) {
    reset();
    update(str);
    }

    /* construct a md5 object with a file. */
    md5::md5(ifstream& in) {
    reset();
    update(in);
    }

    /* return the message-digest */
    const byte* md5::digest() {

    if (!_finished) {
       _finished = true;
       final();
    }
    return _digest;
    }

    /* reset the calculate state */
    void md5::reset() {

    _finished = false;
    /* reset number of bits. */
    _count[0] = _count[1] = 0;
    /* load magic initialization constants. */
    _state[0] = 0x67452301;
    _state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
    _state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
    _state[3] = 0x10325476;
    }

    /* updating the context with a input buffer. */
    void md5::update(const void* input, size_t length) {
    update((const byte*)input, length);
    }

    /* updating the context with a string. */
    void md5::update(const string& str) {
    update((const byte*)str.c_str(), str.length());
    }

    /* updating the context with a file. */
    void md5::update(ifstream& in) {

    if (!in) {
       return;
    }

    std::streamsize length;
    char buffer[buffer_size];
    while (!in.eof()) {
       in.read(buffer, buffer_size);
       length = in.gcount();
       if (length > 0) {
        update(buffer, length);
       }
    }
    in.close();
    }

    /* md5 block update operation. continues an md5 message-digest
    operation, processing another message block, and updating the
    context.
    */
    void md5::update(const byte* input, size_t length) {

    uint32 i, index, partlen;

    _finished = false;

    /* compute number of bytes mod 64 */
    index = (uint32)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);

    /* update number of bits */
    if ((_count[0] += ((uint32)length << 3)) < ((uint32)length << 3)) {
       ++_count[1];
    }
    _count[1] += ((uint32)length >> 29);

    partlen = 64 - index;

    /* transform as many times as possible. */
    if (length >= partlen) {

       memcpy(&_buffer[index], input, partlen);
       transform(_buffer);

       for (i = partlen; i + 63 < length; i += 64) {
        transform(&input[i]);
       }
       index = 0;

    } else {
       i = 0;
    }

    /* buffer remaining input */
    memcpy(&_buffer[index], &input[i], length - i);
    }

    /* md5 finalization. ends an md5 message-_digest operation, writing the
    the message _digest and zeroizing the context.
    */
    void md5::final() {

    byte bits[8];
    uint32 oldstate[4];
    uint32 oldcount[2];
    uint32 index, padlen;

    /* save current state and count. */
    memcpy(oldstate, _state, 16);
    memcpy(oldcount, _count, 8);

    /* save number of bits */
    encode(_count, bits, 8);

    /* pad out to 56 mod 64. */
    index = (uint32)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
    padlen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
    update(padding, padlen);

    /* append length (before padding) */
    update(bits, 8);

    /* store state in digest */
    encode(_state, _digest, 16);

    /* restore current state and count. */
    memcpy(_state, oldstate, 16);
    memcpy(_count, oldcount, 8);
    }

    /* md5 basic transformation. transforms _state based on block. */
    void md5::transform(const byte block[64]) {

    uint32 a = _state[0], b = _state[1], c = _state[2], d = _state[3], x[16];

    decode(block, x, 64);

    /* round 1 */
    ff (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], s11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
    ff (d, a, b, c, x[ 1], s12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
    ff (c, d, a, b, x[ 2], s13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
    ff (b, c, d, a, x[ 3], s14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
    ff (a, b, c, d, x[ 4], s11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
    ff (d, a, b, c, x[ 5], s12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
    ff (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], s13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
    ff (b, c, d, a, x[ 7], s14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
    ff (a, b, c, d, x[ 8], s11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
    ff (d, a, b, c, x[ 9], s12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
    ff (c, d, a, b, x[10], s13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
    ff (b, c, d, a, x[11], s14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
    ff (a, b, c, d, x[12], s11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
    ff (d, a, b, c, x[13], s12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
    ff (c, d, a, b, x[14], s13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
    ff (b, c, d, a, x[15], s14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */

    /* round 2 */
    gg (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], s21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
    gg (d, a, b, c, x[ 6], s22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
    gg (c, d, a, b, x[11], s23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
    gg (b, c, d, a, x[ 0], s24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
    gg (a, b, c, d, x[ 5], s21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
    gg (d, a, b, c, x[10], s22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
    gg (c, d, a, b, x[15], s23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
    gg (b, c, d, a, x[ 4], s24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
    gg (a, b, c, d, x[ 9], s21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
    gg (d, a, b, c, x[14], s22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
    gg (c, d, a, b, x[ 3], s23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
    gg (b, c, d, a, x[ 8], s24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
    gg (a, b, c, d, x[13], s21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
    gg (d, a, b, c, x[ 2], s22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
    gg (c, d, a, b, x[ 7], s23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
    gg (b, c, d, a, x[12], s24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */

    /* round 3 */
    hh (a, b, c, d, x[ 5], s31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
    hh (d, a, b, c, x[ 8], s32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
    hh (c, d, a, b, x[11], s33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
    hh (b, c, d, a, x[14], s34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
    hh (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], s31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
    hh (d, a, b, c, x[ 4], s32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
    hh (c, d, a, b, x[ 7], s33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
    hh (b, c, d, a, x[10], s34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
    hh (a, b, c, d, x[13], s31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
    hh (d, a, b, c, x[ 0], s32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
    hh (c, d, a, b, x[ 3], s33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
    hh (b, c, d, a, x[ 6], s34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
    hh (a, b, c, d, x[ 9], s31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
    hh (d, a, b, c, x[12], s32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
    hh (c, d, a, b, x[15], s33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
    hh (b, c, d, a, x[ 2], s34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */

    /* round 4 */
    ii (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], s41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
    ii (d, a, b, c, x[ 7], s42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
    ii (c, d, a, b, x[14], s43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
    ii (b, c, d, a, x[ 5], s44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
    ii (a, b, c, d, x[12], s41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
    ii (d, a, b, c, x[ 3], s42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
    ii (c, d, a, b, x[10], s43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
    ii (b, c, d, a, x[ 1], s44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
    ii (a, b, c, d, x[ 8], s41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
    ii (d, a, b, c, x[15], s42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
    ii (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], s43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
    ii (b, c, d, a, x[13], s44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
    ii (a, b, c, d, x[ 4], s41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
    ii (d, a, b, c, x[11], s42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
    ii (c, d, a, b, x[ 2], s43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
    ii (b, c, d, a, x[ 9], s44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */

    _state[0] += a;
    _state[1] += b;
    _state[2] += c;
    _state[3] += d;
    }

    /* encodes input (ulong) into output (byte). assumes length is
    a multiple of 4.
    */
    void md5::encode(const uint32* input, byte* output, size_t length) {

    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
       output[j]= (byte)(input[i] & 0xff);
       output[j + 1] = (byte)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
       output[j + 2] = (byte)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
       output[j + 3] = (byte)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
    }
    }

    /* decodes input (byte) into output (ulong). assumes length is
    a multiple of 4.
    */
    void md5::decode(const byte* input, uint32* output, size_t length) {

    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
       output[i] = ((uint32)input[j]) | (((uint32)input[j + 1]) << 8) |
       (((uint32)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((uint32)input[j + 3]) << 24);
    }
    }

    /* convert byte array to hex string. */
    string md5::bytestohexstring(const byte* input, size_t length) {

    string str;
    str.reserve(length << 1);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
       int t = input[i];
       int a = t / 16;
       int b = t % 16;
       str.append(1, hex[a]);
       str.append(1, hex[b]);
    }
    return str;
    }

    /* convert digest to string value */
    string md5::tostring() {
    return bytestohexstring(digest(), 16);
    }

调用例子:

   #include "md5.h"
    #include <iostream>

    using namespace std;

    void printmd5(const string& str, md5& md5) {
          cout << "md5("" << str << "") = " << md5.tostring() << endl;
    }

    int main() {

         md5 md5;
         md5.update("");
         printmd5("", md5);

         md5.update("a");
         printmd5("a", md5);

         md5.update("bc");
         printmd5("abc", md5);

         md5.update("defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
         printmd5("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", md5);

         md5.reset();
         md5.update("message digest");
         printmd5("message digest", md5);

         md5.reset();
         md5.update(ifstream("d:\\test.txt"));
         printmd5("d:\\test.txt", md5);

        return 0;
    }

配置好了以后开始写我们的递归遍历函数:

/*	遍历目录下所有文件,对比 md5
	path:文件夹路径(末尾不要有‘\‘)
	format:要筛选的文件后缀名
	str_md5:md5 字符串
	isfound:是否匹配到与 str_md5 相等的 md5 值
*/ 
void findallfile_md5(const char * path,const char * format,string str_md5,bool &isfound)
{
	// 路径末尾追加 ‘\*.*‘
    char newpath[200];
    strcpy(newpath, path);
    strcat(newpath, "\\*.*");
    
   // 找到目录下的第一个文件 #include <io.h>
	_finddata_t finddata;
	/*	文件信息结构体
		struct _finddata_t{
             unsigned attrib;			// 文件属性
             time_t time_create;		// 创建时的时间戳
             time_t time_access;		// 最后一次被访问时的时间戳
             time_t time_write;			// 最后一次被修改时的时间戳
             _fsize_t size;				// 文件字节大小
             char name[_max_fname];		// 文件名
        };
	*/
	long handle = _findfirst(newpath, &finddata);
	if (handle == -1){return;}     
     
	// 遍历文件和文件夹
    while (_findnext(handle, &finddata) == 0){
        // 文件夹
		if (finddata.attrib & _a_subdir){
			// 文件夹名不能有敏感字符 ‘.‘、‘..‘
			if (strcmp(finddata.name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(finddata.name, "..") == 0){continue;}
                
			// 进入这个文件夹继续遍历
            strcpy(newpath, path);
            strcat(newpath, "\\");
            strcat(newpath, finddata.name);
            findallfile_md5(newpath,format,str_md5,isfound);
		}
		// 文件
        else{
			// 判断是不是指定后缀的文件
            if(strstr( finddata.name,format)){    
                // 输出(用来测试)
				//cout << "finddata.size = " << finddata.size << endl;
				//cout << "finddata.name = " << finddata.name << endl;
				//cout << "path = " << path << endl;
				
				// 取文件全路径
				string str_fullpath = path;
				str_fullpath+="\\"; str_fullpath+=finddata.name;

				// 取文件 md5,判断是否匹配特征
				md5 md5;
				md5.reset();
				md5.update(ifstream(str_fullpath));
				if(md5.tostring() == str_md5){isfound = true;}
            }
        }
    }

	// 关闭搜索句柄
    _findclose(handle);    
}

调用例子(遍历%temp% 下的文件)

	// 获取 %temp% 目录
	tchar lptemppathbuffer[max_path];
	gettemppath(max_path,lptemppathbuffer);

	// 删除末尾 ‘\‘
	string str_temppath = lptemppathbuffer;
	str_temppath = str_temppath.substr(0,str_temppath.length()-1);

	// 遍历目录下所有 exe 文件,匹配 md5
	bool isfound = false;
	findallfile_md5(stringtocharp(str_temppath),".exe","52f5ce92c6f72c7e193b560bf4e76330",isfound);
	if(isfound){cout << "找到了!" << endl;;}

知识点扩展:

c++计算md5

#include "md5.h"

using namespace std;

/* constants for md5transform routine. */
#define s11 7
#define s12 12
#define s13 17
#define s14 22
#define s21 5
#define s22 9
#define s23 14
#define s24 20
#define s31 4
#define s32 11
#define s33 16
#define s34 23
#define s41 6
#define s42 10
#define s43 15
#define s44 21


/* f, g, h and i are basic md5 functions.
*/
#define f(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define g(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define h(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define i(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))

/* rotate_left rotates x left n bits.
*/
#define rotate_left(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))

/* ff, gg, hh, and ii transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation.
*/
#define ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += f ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = rotate_left ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += g ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = rotate_left ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += h ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = rotate_left ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += i ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = rotate_left ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}


const byte md5::padding[64] = { 0x80 };
const char md5::hex[16] = {
'0', '1', '2', '3',
'4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'a', 'b',
'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
};


/* default construct. */
md5::md5() {
    reset();
}

/* construct a md5 object with a input buffer. */
md5::md5(const void* input, size_t length) {
    reset();
    update(input, length);
}

/* construct a md5 object with a string. */
md5::md5(const string& str) {
    reset();
    update(str);
}

/* construct a md5 object with a file. */
md5::md5(ifstream& in) {
    reset();
    update(in);
}

/* return the message-digest */
const byte* md5::digest() {

    if (!_finished) {
        _finished = true;
        final();
    }
    return _digest;
}

/* reset the calculate state */
void md5::reset() {

    _finished = false;
    /* reset number of bits. */
    _count[0] = _count[1] = 0;
    /* load magic initialization constants. */
    _state[0] = 0x67452301;
    _state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
    _state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
    _state[3] = 0x10325476;
}

/* updating the context with a input buffer. */
void md5::update(const void* input, size_t length) {
    update((const byte*)input, length);
}

/* updating the context with a string. */
void md5::update(const string& str) {
    update((const byte*)str.c_str(), str.length());
}

/* updating the context with a file. */
void md5::update(ifstream& in) {

    if (!in) {
        return;
    }

    std::streamsize length;
    char buffer[buffer_size];
    while (!in.eof()) {
        in.read(buffer, buffer_size);
        length = in.gcount();
        if (length > 0) {
            update(buffer, length);
        }
    }
    in.close();
}

/* md5 block update operation. continues an md5 message-digest
operation, processing another message block, and updating the
context.
*/
void md5::update(const byte* input, size_t length) {

    uint32 i, index, partlen;

    _finished = false;

    /* compute number of bytes mod 64 */
    index = (uint32)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);

    /* update number of bits */
    if ((_count[0] += ((uint32)length << 3)) < ((uint32)length << 3)) {
        ++_count[1];
    }
    _count[1] += ((uint32)length >> 29);

    partlen = 64 - index;

    /* transform as many times as possible. */
    if (length >= partlen) {

        memcpy(&_buffer[index], input, partlen);
        transform(_buffer);

        for (i = partlen; i + 63 < length; i += 64) {
            transform(&input[i]);
        }
        index = 0;

    }
    else {
        i = 0;
    }

    /* buffer remaining input */
    memcpy(&_buffer[index], &input[i], length - i);
}

/* md5 finalization. ends an md5 message-_digest operation, writing the
the message _digest and zeroizing the context.
*/
void md5::final() {

    byte bits[8];
    uint32 oldstate[4];
    uint32 oldcount[2];
    uint32 index, padlen;

    /* save current state and count. */
    memcpy(oldstate, _state, 16);
    memcpy(oldcount, _count, 8);

    /* save number of bits */
    encode(_count, bits, 8);

    /* pad out to 56 mod 64. */
    index = (uint32)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
    padlen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
    update(padding, padlen);

    /* append length (before padding) */
    update(bits, 8);

    /* store state in digest */
    encode(_state, _digest, 16);

    /* restore current state and count. */
    memcpy(_state, oldstate, 16);
    memcpy(_count, oldcount, 8);
}

/* md5 basic transformation. transforms _state based on block. */
void md5::transform(const byte block[64]) {

    uint32 a = _state[0], b = _state[1], c = _state[2], d = _state[3], x[16];

    decode(block, x, 64);

    /* round 1 */
    ff(a, b, c, d, x[0], s11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
    ff(d, a, b, c, x[1], s12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
    ff(c, d, a, b, x[2], s13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
    ff(b, c, d, a, x[3], s14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
    ff(a, b, c, d, x[4], s11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
    ff(d, a, b, c, x[5], s12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
    ff(c, d, a, b, x[6], s13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
    ff(b, c, d, a, x[7], s14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
    ff(a, b, c, d, x[8], s11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
    ff(d, a, b, c, x[9], s12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
    ff(c, d, a, b, x[10], s13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
    ff(b, c, d, a, x[11], s14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
    ff(a, b, c, d, x[12], s11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
    ff(d, a, b, c, x[13], s12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
    ff(c, d, a, b, x[14], s13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
    ff(b, c, d, a, x[15], s14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */

    /* round 2 */
    gg(a, b, c, d, x[1], s21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
    gg(d, a, b, c, x[6], s22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
    gg(c, d, a, b, x[11], s23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
    gg(b, c, d, a, x[0], s24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
    gg(a, b, c, d, x[5], s21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
    gg(d, a, b, c, x[10], s22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
    gg(c, d, a, b, x[15], s23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
    gg(b, c, d, a, x[4], s24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
    gg(a, b, c, d, x[9], s21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
    gg(d, a, b, c, x[14], s22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
    gg(c, d, a, b, x[3], s23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
    gg(b, c, d, a, x[8], s24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
    gg(a, b, c, d, x[13], s21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
    gg(d, a, b, c, x[2], s22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
    gg(c, d, a, b, x[7], s23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
    gg(b, c, d, a, x[12], s24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */

    /* round 3 */
    hh(a, b, c, d, x[5], s31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
    hh(d, a, b, c, x[8], s32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
    hh(c, d, a, b, x[11], s33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
    hh(b, c, d, a, x[14], s34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
    hh(a, b, c, d, x[1], s31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
    hh(d, a, b, c, x[4], s32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
    hh(c, d, a, b, x[7], s33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
    hh(b, c, d, a, x[10], s34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
    hh(a, b, c, d, x[13], s31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
    hh(d, a, b, c, x[0], s32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
    hh(c, d, a, b, x[3], s33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
    hh(b, c, d, a, x[6], s34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
    hh(a, b, c, d, x[9], s31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
    hh(d, a, b, c, x[12], s32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
    hh(c, d, a, b, x[15], s33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
    hh(b, c, d, a, x[2], s34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */

    /* round 4 */
    ii(a, b, c, d, x[0], s41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
    ii(d, a, b, c, x[7], s42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
    ii(c, d, a, b, x[14], s43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
    ii(b, c, d, a, x[5], s44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
    ii(a, b, c, d, x[12], s41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
    ii(d, a, b, c, x[3], s42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
    ii(c, d, a, b, x[10], s43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
    ii(b, c, d, a, x[1], s44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
    ii(a, b, c, d, x[8], s41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
    ii(d, a, b, c, x[15], s42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
    ii(c, d, a, b, x[6], s43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
    ii(b, c, d, a, x[13], s44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
    ii(a, b, c, d, x[4], s41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
    ii(d, a, b, c, x[11], s42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
    ii(c, d, a, b, x[2], s43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
    ii(b, c, d, a, x[9], s44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */

    _state[0] += a;
    _state[1] += b;
    _state[2] += c;
    _state[3] += d;
}

/* encodes input (ulong) into output (byte). assumes length is
a multiple of 4.
*/
void md5::encode(const uint32* input, byte* output, size_t length) {

    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
        output[j] = (byte)(input[i] & 0xff);
        output[j + 1] = (byte)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
        output[j + 2] = (byte)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
        output[j + 3] = (byte)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
    }
}

/* decodes input (byte) into output (ulong). assumes length is
a multiple of 4.
*/
void md5::decode(const byte* input, uint32* output, size_t length) {

    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
        output[i] = ((uint32)input[j]) | (((uint32)input[j + 1]) << 8) |
            (((uint32)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((uint32)input[j + 3]) << 24);
    }
}

/* convert byte array to hex string. */
string md5::bytestohexstring(const byte* input, size_t length) {

    string str;
    str.reserve(length << 1);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        int t = input[i];
        int a = t / 16;
        int b = t % 16;
        str.append(1, hex[a]);
        str.append(1, hex[b]);
    }
    return str;
}

/* convert digest to string value */
string md5::tostring() {
    return bytestohexstring(digest(), 16);
}

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