浅谈订单重构之 MySQL 分库分表实战篇
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2022-06-22 20:53:06
目录一、目标本文将完成如下目标: 分表数量: 256 分库数量: 4 以用户id(user_id) 为数据库分片key 最后测试订单创建,更新,删除, 单订单号查询,根据user_i...
一、目标
本文将完成如下目标:
- 分表数量: 256 分库数量: 4
- 以用户id(user_id) 为数据库分片key
- 最后测试订单创建,更新,删除, 单订单号查询,根据user_id查询列表操作。
架构图:
表结构如下:
create table `order_xxx` ( `order_id` bigint(20) unsigned not null, `user_id` int(11) default '0' comment '订单id', `status` int(11) default '0' comment '订单状态', `booking_date` datetime default null, `create_time` datetime default null, `update_time` datetime default null, primary key (`order_id`), key `idx_user_id` (`user_id`), key `idx_bdate` (`booking_date`), key `idx_ctime` (`create_time`), key `idx_utime` (`update_time`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
注: 000<= xxx <= 255, 本文重点在于分库分表实践, 只保留具有代表性字段,其它场景可以在此基础上做改进。
全局唯一id设计
要求:1.全局唯一 2:粗略有序 3:可反解出库编号
- 1bit + 39bit时间差 + 8bit机器号 + 8bit用户编号(库号) + 8bit自增序列
订单号组成项 | 保留字段 | 毫秒级时间差 | 机器数 | 用户编号(表编号) | 自增序列 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
所占字节(单位bit) | 1 | 39 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
单机最大qps: 256000 使用寿命: 17年
二、环境准备
1、基本信息
项 | 版本 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
springboot | 2.1.10.release | |
mango | 1.6.16 | wiki地址:https://github.com/jfaster/mango |
hikaricp | 3.2.0 | |
mysql | 5.7 | 测试使用docker一键搭建 |
2、数据库环境准备
进入mysql:
#主库 mysql -h 172.30.1.21 -uroot -pbytearch #从库 mysql -h 172.30.1.31 -uroot -pbytearch
进入容器
#主 docker exec -it db_1_master /bin/bash #从 docker exec -it db_1_slave /bin/bash
查看运行状态
#主 docker exec db_1_master sh -c 'mysql -u root -pbytearch -e "show master status \g"' #从 docker exec db_1_slave sh -c 'mysql -u root -pbytearch -e "show slave status \g"'
3、建库 & 导入分表
(1)在mysql master实例分别建库
172.30.1.21( o rder_db_ 1) , 172.30.1.22( order_db_2) ,
172.30.1.23( ord er_db_3) , 172.30.1.24( order_db_4 )
(2)依次导入建表sql 命令为
mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.21 order_db_1<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_1.sql; mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.22 order_db_2<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_2.sql; mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.23 order_db_3<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_3.sql; mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.24 order_db_4<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_4.sql;
三、配置&实践
1、pom文件
<!-- mango 分库分表中间件 --> <dependency> <groupid>org.jfaster</groupid> <artifactid>mango-spring-boot-starter</artifactid> <version>2.0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- 分布式id生成器 --> <dependency> <groupid>com.bytearch</groupid> <artifactid>fast-cloud-id-generator</artifactid> <version>${version}</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --> <dependency> <groupid>mysql</groupid> <artifactid>mysql-connector-java</artifactid> <version>6.0.6</version> </dependency>
2、常量配置
package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common; /** * 分库分表策略常用常量 */ public class shardingstrategyconstant { /** * database 逻辑名称 ,真实库名为 order_db_xxx */ public static final string logic_order_database_name = "order_db"; /** * 分表数 256,一旦确定不可更改 */ public static final int sharding_table_num = 256; /** * 分库数, 不建议更改, 可以更改,但是需要dba迁移数据 */ public static final int sharding_database_node_num = 4; }
3、yml 配置
4主4从数据库配置, 这里仅测试默认使用root用户密码,生产环境不建议使用root用户。
mango: scan-package: com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.dao datasources: - name: order_db_1 master: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.21:3306/order_db_1?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 slaves: - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.31:3306/order_db_1?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 - name: order_db_2 master: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.22:3306/order_db_2?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 slaves: - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.32:3306/order_db_2?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 - name: order_db_3 master: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.23:3306/order_db_3?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 slaves: - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.33:3306/order_db_3?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 - name: order_db_4 master: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.24:3306/order_db_4?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 3000 slaves: - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.34:3306/order_db_4?useunicode=true&characterencoding=utf8&autoreconnect=true&rewritebatchedstate&connecttimeout=1000&sockettimeout=5000&usessl=false user-name: root password: bytearch maximum-pool-size: 10 connection-timeout: 300
4、分库分表策略
1). 根据order_id为shardkey分库分表策略
package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy; import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.shardingstrategyconstant; import com.bytearch.id.generator.identity; import com.bytearch.id.generator.seqidutil; import org.jfaster.mango.sharding.shardingstrategy; /** * 订单号分库分表策略 */ public class orderidshardingstrategy implements shardingstrategy<long, long> { @override public string getdatasourcefactoryname(long orderid) { if (orderid == null || orderid < 0l) { throw new illegalargumentexception("order_id is invalid!"); } identity identity = seqidutil.decodeid(orderid); if (identity.getextraid() >= shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num) { throw new illegalargumentexception("sharding table num is invalid, tablenum:" + identity.getextraid()); } //1. 计算步长 int step = shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num / shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_database_node_num; //2. 计算出库编号 long dbno = math.floordiv(identity.getextraid(), step) + 1; //3. 返回数据源名 return string.format("%s_%s", shardingstrategyconstant.logic_order_database_name, dbno); } @override public string gettargettable(string logictablename, long orderid) { if (orderid == null || orderid < 0l) { throw new illegalargumentexception("order_id is invalid!"); } identity identity = seqidutil.decodeid(orderid); if (identity.getextraid() >= shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num) { throw new illegalargumentexception("sharding table num is invalid, tablenum:" + identity.getextraid()); } // 基于约定,真实表名为 logictablename_xxx, xxx不足三位补0 return string.format("%s_%03d", logictablename, identity.getextraid()); } }
2). 根据user_id 为shardkey分库分表策略
package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy; import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.shardingstrategyconstant; import org.jfaster.mango.sharding.shardingstrategy; /** * 指定分片key 分库分表策略 */ public class useridshardingstrategy implements shardingstrategy<integer, integer> { @override public string getdatasourcefactoryname(integer userid) { //1. 计算步长 即单库放得表数量 int step = shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num / shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_database_node_num; //2. 计算出库编号 long dbno = math.floordiv(userid % shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num, step) + 1; //3. 返回数据源名 return string.format("%s_%s", shardingstrategyconstant.logic_order_database_name, dbno); } @override public string gettargettable(string logictablename, integer userid) { // 基于约定,真实表名为 logictablename_xxx, xxx不足三位补0 return string.format("%s_%03d", logictablename, userid % shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num); } }
5、dao层编写
1). orderpartitionbyiddao
package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.dao; import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.shardingstrategyconstant; import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.pojo.entity.orderentity; import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy.orderidshardingstrategy; import org.jfaster.mango.annotation.*; @db(name = shardingstrategyconstant.logic_order_database_name, table = "order") @sharding(shardingstrategy = orderidshardingstrategy.class) public interface orderpartitionbyiddao { @sql("insert into #table (order_id, user_id, status, booking_date, create_time, update_time) values" + "(:orderid,:userid,:status,:bookingdate,:createtime,:updatetime)" ) int insertorder(@tableshardingby("orderid") @databaseshardingby("orderid") orderentity orderentity); @sql("update #table set update_time = now()" + "#if(:bookingdate != null),booking_date = :bookingdate #end " + "#if (:status != null), status = :status #end" + "where order_id = :orderid" ) int updateorderbyorderid(@tableshardingby("orderid") @databaseshardingby("orderid") orderentity orderentity); @sql("select * from #table where order_id = :1") orderentity getorderbyid(@tableshardingby @databaseshardingby long orderid); @sql("select * from #table where order_id = :1") @usemaster orderentity getorderbyidfrommaster(@tableshardingby @databaseshardingby long orderid);
6、单元测试
@springboottest(classes = {application.class}) @runwith(springjunit4classrunner.class) public class shardingtest { @autowired orderpartitionbyiddao orderpartitionbyiddao; @autowired orderpartitionbyuseriddao orderpartitionbyuseriddao; @test public void testcreateorderrandom() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { int userid = threadlocalrandom.current().nextint(1000,1000000); orderentity orderentity = new orderentity(); orderentity.setorderid(seqidutil.nextid(userid % shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num)); orderentity.setstatus(1); orderentity.setuserid(userid); orderentity.setcreatetime(new date()); orderentity.setupdatetime(new date()); orderentity.setbookingdate(new date()); int ret = orderpartitionbyiddao.insertorder(orderentity); assert.assertequals(1, ret); } } @test public void testorderall() { //insert int userid = threadlocalrandom.current().nextint(1000,1000000); orderentity orderentity = new orderentity(); orderentity.setorderid(seqidutil.nextid(userid % shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num)); orderentity.setstatus(1); orderentity.setuserid(userid); orderentity.setcreatetime(new date()); orderentity.setupdatetime(new date()); orderentity.setbookingdate(new date()); int i = orderpartitionbyiddao.insertorder(orderentity); assert.assertequals(1, i); //get from master orderentity orderinfo = orderpartitionbyiddao.getorderbyidfrommaster(orderentity.getorderid()); assert.assertnotnull(orderinfo); assert.assertequals(orderinfo.getorderid(), orderentity.getorderid()); //get from slave orderentity slaveorderinfo = orderpartitionbyiddao.getorderbyid(orderentity.getorderid()); assert.assertnotnull(slaveorderinfo); //update orderentity updateentity = new orderentity(); updateentity.setorderid(orderinfo.getorderid()); updateentity.setstatus(2); updateentity.setupdatetime(new date()); int affectrows = orderpartitionbyiddao.updateorderbyorderid(updateentity); assert.asserttrue( affectrows > 0); } @test public void testgetlistbyuserid() { int userid = threadlocalrandom.current().nextint(1000,1000000); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { orderentity orderentity = new orderentity(); orderentity.setorderid(seqidutil.nextid(userid % shardingstrategyconstant.sharding_table_num)); orderentity.setstatus(1); orderentity.setuserid(userid); orderentity.setcreatetime(new date()); orderentity.setupdatetime(new date()); orderentity.setbookingdate(new date()); orderpartitionbyiddao.insertorder(orderentity); } try { //防止主从延迟引起的校验错误 thread.sleep(1000); } catch (interruptedexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } list<orderentity> orderlistbyuserid = orderpartitionbyuseriddao.getorderlistbyuserid(userid); assert.assertnotnull(orderlistbyuserid); assert.asserttrue(orderlistbyuserid.size() == 5); } }
大功告成:
四、总结
本篇主要介绍java版使用mango框架实现mysql分库分表实战,分库分表中间件也可以使用类似于shardingjdbc,或者自研。
以上分库分表数量仅供演示参考,实际工作中分表数量、分库数量、是根据公司实际业务数据增长速度, 高峰期qps,物理机器配置等等因素计算。
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