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SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用

程序员文章站 2022-06-22 20:26:48
聆听 沉淀 传播 … 关注微信公众号【架构技术之美】,了解更多技术和学习资料目录前言一、实现方式二、HandlerInterceptor 方法介绍三、拦截器(Interceptor)实现3.1 实现HandlerInterceptor3.2 继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter四、配置器(WebMvcConfigurer)实现4.1 实现WebMvcConfigurer(推荐)4.2 继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport五、测试验证六、Github项目前言平常....

聆听 沉淀 传播 … 关注微信公众号【架构技术之美】,了解更多技术和学习资料

前言

平常项目开发过程中,会遇到登录拦截权限校验参数处理防重复提交等问题,那拦截器就能帮我们统一处理这些问题。

一、实现方式

1.1 自定义拦截器

自定义拦截器,即拦截器的实现类,一般有两种自定义方式:

  1. 定义一个类,实现org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor接口。
  2. 定义一个类,继承已实现了HandlerInterceptor接口的类,例如org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter抽象类。

1.2 添加Interceptor拦截器到WebMvcConfigurer配置器中

自定义配置器,然后实现WebMvcConfigurer配置器。

以前一般继承org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类,不过SrpingBoot 2.0以上WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类就过时了。有以下2中替代方法:

  1. 直接实现org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer接口。(推荐)
  2. 继承org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport类。但是继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport会让SpringBoot对mvc的自动配置失效。不过目前大多数项目是前后端分离,并没有对静态资源有自动配置的需求,所以继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport也未尝不可。

二、HandlerInterceptor 方法介绍

  1. preHandle:预处理,在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用,可以进行登录拦截,编码处理、安全控制、权限校验等处理;
default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
	return true;
}
  1. postHandle:后处理,在业务处理器处理请求执行完成后,生成视图之前被调用。即调用了Service并返回ModelAndView,但未进行页面渲染,可以修改ModelAndView,这个比较少用。
default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			@Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
  1. afterCompletion:返回处理,在DispatcherServlet完全处理完请求后被调用,可用于清理资源等。已经渲染了页面。
default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			@Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
}

三、拦截器(Interceptor)实现

3.1 实现HandlerInterceptor

此拦截器演示了通过注解形式,对用户权限进行拦截校验。

package com.nobody.interceptor;

import com.nobody.annotation.UserAuthenticate;
import com.nobody.context.UserContext;
import com.nobody.context.UserContextManager;
import com.nobody.exception.RestAPIError;
import com.nobody.exception.RestException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserPermissionInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private UserContextManager userContextManager;

    @Autowired
    public void setContextManager(UserContextManager userContextManager) {
        this.userContextManager = userContextManager;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            Object handler) {

        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor preHandle -- ");

        if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
            HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;

            // 获取用户权限校验注解(优先获取方法,无则再从类获取)
            UserAuthenticate userAuthenticate =
                    handlerMethod.getMethod().getAnnotation(UserAuthenticate.class);
            if (null == userAuthenticate) {
                userAuthenticate = handlerMethod.getMethod().getDeclaringClass()
                        .getAnnotation(UserAuthenticate.class);
            }
            if (userAuthenticate != null && userAuthenticate.permission()) {
                // 获取用户信息
                UserContext userContext = userContextManager.getUserContext(request);
                // 权限校验
                if (userAuthenticate.type() != userContext.getType()) {
                    // 如若不抛出异常,也可返回false
                    throw new RestException(RestAPIError.AUTH_ERROR);
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
            ModelAndView modelAndView) {
        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor postHandle -- ");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            Object handler, Exception ex) {
        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor afterCompletion -- ");
    }
}

3.2 继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter

package com.nobody.interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            Object handler) {
        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter preHandle -- ");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
            ModelAndView modelAndView) {
        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter postHandle -- ");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            Object handler, Exception ex) {
        log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter afterCompletion -- ");
    }
}

四、配置器(WebMvcConfigurer)实现

4.1 实现WebMvcConfigurer(推荐)

package com.nobody.config;

import com.nobody.context.UserContextResolver;
import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptor;
import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Configuration
public class WebAppConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    private UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor;

    private UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter;

    private UserContextResolver userContextResolver;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserPermissionInterceptor(UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor) {
        this.userPermissionInterceptor = userPermissionInterceptor;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setUserPermissionInterceptorAdapter(
            UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter) {
        this.userPermissionInterceptorAdapter = userPermissionInterceptorAdapter;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setUserContextResolver(UserContextResolver userContextResolver) {
        this.userContextResolver = userContextResolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        // 可以添加多个拦截器,一般只添加一个
        // addPathPatterns("/**") 表示对所有请求都拦截
        // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index") 表示排除对/base/index请求的拦截
        // 多个拦截器可以设置order顺序,值越小,preHandle越先执行,postHandle和afterCompletion越后执行
        // order默认的值是0,如果只添加一个拦截器,可以不显示设置order的值
        registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/base/index").order(0);
        // registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptorAdapter).addPathPatterns("/**")
        // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index").order(1);
    }

    @Override
    public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers) {
        resolvers.add(userContextResolver);
    }
}

4.2 继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport

package com.nobody.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptor;
import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Configuration
public class WebAppConfigurerSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    @Autowired
    private UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor;

    // @Autowired
    // private UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        // 可以添加多个拦截器,一般只添加一个
        // addPathPatterns("/**") 表示对所有请求都拦截
        // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index") 表示排除对/base/index请求的拦截
        registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/base/index");
        // registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptorAdapter).addPathPatterns("/**")
        // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index");
    }
}

五、其他主要辅助类

5.1 用户上下文类

package com.nobody.context;

import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

/**
 * @Description 用户上下文
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class UserContext {
    // 用户名称
    private String name;
    // 用户ID
    private String userId;
    // 用户类型
    private AuthenticationTypeEnum type;
}

5.2 校验访问权限注解

package com.nobody.annotation;

import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @Description 校验访问权限注解
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface UserAuthenticate {
    /**
     * 是否需要校验访问权限 默认不校验
     * 
     * @return
     */
    boolean permission() default false;

    /**
     * 验证类型,默认游客
     * 
     * @return
     */
    AuthenticationTypeEnum type() default AuthenticationTypeEnum.VISITOR;
}

5.3 用户上下文操作类

package com.nobody.context;

import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum;
import com.nobody.exception.RestAPIError;
import com.nobody.exception.RestException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @Description 用户上下文操作类
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Component
public class UserContextManager {

    private static final String COOKIE_KEY = "__userToken";

    // @Autowired
    // private RedisService redisService;

    /**
     * 获取用户上下文信息
     * 
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    public UserContext getUserContext(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String userToken = getUserToken(request, COOKIE_KEY);
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(userToken)) {
            // 从缓存或者第三方获取用户信息
            // String userContextStr = redisService.getString(userToken);
            // if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(userContextStr)) {
            // return JSON.parseObject(userContextStr, UserContext.class);
            // }
            // 因为演示,没集成Redis,故简单new对象
            UserContext userContext = new UserContext();
            userContext.setName("Mr.nobody");
            userContext.setUserId("0000001");
            userContext.setType(AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN);
            return userContext;
        }
        throw new RestException(RestAPIError.AUTH_ERROR);
    }

    public String getUserToken(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieKey) {
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        if (null != cookies) {
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                if (Objects.equals(cookie.getName(), cookieKey)) {
                    return cookie.getValue();
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 保存用户上下文信息
     * 
     * @param response
     * @param userContextStr
     */
    public void saveUserContext(HttpServletResponse response, String userContextStr) {
        // 用户token实际根据自己业务进行生成,此处简单用UUID
        String userToken = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        // 设置cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie(COOKIE_KEY, userToken);
        cookie.setPath("/");
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        // redis缓存
        // redisService.setString(userToken, userContextStr, 3600);
    }

}

5.4 方法参数解析器类

package com.nobody.context;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebDataBinderFactory;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.ModelAndViewContainer;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * @Description 对有UserContext参数的接口,进行拦截注入用户信息
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class UserContextResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {

    @Autowired
    private UserContextManager userContextManager;

    @Override
    public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
            NativeWebRequest webRequest, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) {
        log.info(">>> resolveArgument -- begin...");
        HttpServletRequest request = webRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
        // 从缓存获取用户信息赋值到接口参数中
        return userContextManager.getUserContext(request);
    }

    /**
     * 只对UserContext参数进行拦截赋值
     * 
     * @param methodParameter
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter methodParameter) {
        if (methodParameter.getParameterType().equals(UserContext.class)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

六、测试验证

package com.nobody.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.nobody.annotation.UserAuthenticate;
import com.nobody.context.UserContext;
import com.nobody.context.UserContextManager;
import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum;
import com.nobody.pojo.model.GeneralResult;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Author Mr.nobody
 * @Date 2020/10/25
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserContextManager userContextManager;

    @GetMapping("login")
    public GeneralResult<UserContext> doLogin(HttpServletResponse response) {
        UserContext userContext = new UserContext();
        userContext.setUserId("0000001");
        userContext.setName("Mr.nobody");
        userContext.setType(AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN);
        userContextManager.saveUserContext(response, JSON.toJSONString(userContext));
        return GeneralResult.genSuccessResult(userContext);
    }

    @GetMapping("personal")
    @UserAuthenticate(permission = true, type = AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN)
    public GeneralResult<UserContext> getPersonInfo(UserContext userContext) {
        return GeneralResult.genSuccessResult(userContext);
    }
}

启动服务后,在浏览器先调用personal接口,因为没有登录,所以会报错没有权限:
SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用
控制台输出:
SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用

启动服务后,在浏览器先访问login接口进行登录,再访问personal接口,验证通过,正确返回用户信息:

SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用
SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用

七、Github项目

项目工程可从Github获取,https://github.com/LucioChn/springboot-common.git

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/chenlixiao007/article/details/109270008